Biopsych

Question 1

Peterson 1998 - findings on localisation of function

Answer 1

Found that Wernicke’s area is active during listening tasks and Broca’s area is active during speaking tasks
Suggests they both process language but in different ways

Question 2

Schneider 2014 - findings on brain plasticity

Answer 2

Positive correlation between years spent in education and chances of disability free recovery (16+ years = 40% chance DFR)
Suggests level of education is factor in recovery

Question 3

Maguire 2000 - findings on brain plasticity

Answer 3

London cab drivers had larger hippocampus compared to controls, and this correlated to years in the job
Suggests the brain changes due to its demands

Question 4

Sanassi 2014 - findings on biological rhythms

Answer 4

Found light therapy is effective in 80% of SAD sufferers
Suggests SAD is caused by an infradian rhythm

Question 5

DeCoursey 2000 - findings on biological rhythms

Answer 5

Found that chipmunks could not survive with a severed SCN and they showed no regular sleep / wake cycle
Suggests that SCN does have role in regulating sleep / wake cycle

Question 6

Ralph 1990 - findings on biological rhythms

Answer 6

Found ordinary hamsters displayed the 20 hour sleep wake cycle of the donor ‘mutant’ hamsters
Suggests the SCN does regulate the sleep / wake cycle

Question 7

Neilson 2013 - findings on hemispheric lateralisation

Answer 7

Found there is no evidence of right of left dominance
Challenges the view that right-handed people have a dominant left hemisphere and vice versa

Question 8

Sperry 1968 - findings on hemispheric lateralisation

Answer 8

Split brain patients could not describe objects in the left visual field but they could draw them with left hand
Suggests that language is lateralised to the left hemisphere

Question 9

Biovin 1996 - findings on biological rhythms

Answer 9

Found shift workers are 3x more likely to develop heart disease
Suggests disruption to circadian rhythms have negative health effects

Question 10

McClinntock 1998 - findings on biological rhythms

Answer 10

Pads soaked in donor woman’s sweat and wiped on upper lip of 20 women daily.
Found 68% of part. Experienced their periods more closer to the donors cycle
Issues with general irregularity of periods

Question 11

Bezola 2012 - findings on brain plasticity

Answer 11

Found golf training in 40-60 year olds showed significantly higher motor cortex activity than controls
Suggests brain remains plastic throughout life

Question 12

Lashley 1925 - findings on hemispheric lateralisation

Answer 12

Found performance of rats was related to amount of brain removed, not which part was removed.
Suggests that brains work holistically

Question 13

Aschoff & Wever 1976 - findings on biological rhythms

Answer 13

Part. spent 4 weeks in WW2 bunker, no exogenous zeitgebers
All but one settled into 24-25 hour cycle (one had 29 hour)
Supports Siffes findings of a 25 hour cycle

Question 14

Folkard 1985 - findings on biological rhythms

Answer 14

Gradually sped up clocks to 22 hour cycle
Found only 1 participant was able to comfortably adjust
Suggests free-running cycles are difficult to adjust

Question 15

Czeizler 1999 - findings on biological rhythms

Answer 15

Found individual differences in free-running sleep / wake cycles ranging from 13-65 hours
Suggests there are large individual differences

Question 16

Campbel & Murphy 1998 - findings on biological rhythms

Answer 16

Shone torches on back of knees while sleeping
Found circadian rhythm shifted by 3 hours
Suggests light acts as exogenous zeitgeber through light receptors in skin

Question 17

Damiola 2000 - findings on biological rhythms

Answer 17

Found circadian rhythm of mice shifted by 12 hours by altering feeding patterns
Suggests feeding times can act as a exogenous zeitgeber

Question 18

Siffe 1962 - findings on biological rhythms

Answer 18

Spent 7 months in a cave with no exogenous zeitgebers
Settled into 25 hour circadian rhythm
Suggests we have a longer free-running cycle which is entrained by daylight

Question 19

Phineas Gage - findings into localisation of function

Answer 19

Suffered destruction of left frontal lobe and experienced a significant personality change include loss of impulse control

Question 20

Limitation of plasticity

Answer 20

60-80% of amputees develop phantom limb syndrome

Question 21

3 ways the brain recovers after trauma

Answer 21

Axonal sprouting
Reformation of blood vessels
Neural reorganisation - recruitment of homologous areas

Question 22

Inuits of Greenland

Answer 22

Have normal sleep/wake cycles despite having six months of darkness a year