relationship between gender and crime Flashcards
liberal feminism
campaign for equal rights
legilsation based
radical feminsim
patriarchal control
marxist feminism
divide by sexism and capitalism
postmodern feminism
harm comes to women in the widest sense possible and should not accpet male boundaries of criminology
carol smart - transgression
- need to look at both illegal and legal activities that harm women
- how women were treated in cases of rape and harrassment by the law
biological explanations - lombroso
women are more cunning and deceitful then men and can cover up criminal behaviour
- ‘normal females’ have an innate disposition that repents criminal
sex role theory - sutherland 1949
gender differences through socialisation
- expressive female to be caring and domestic
- instrumental male to be aggressive and tough
sex role theory - female commited crimes
theft, fraud and prostitution
- due to providing financial for children in absence of father
social control - heidensohn 1996
women are more closely controlled
- informal sanctions are in place to discourage
social control - carlen 1985
majority of female crimes committed by those from working class
- class deal: women who work will be offered material rewards
- gender deal: not behaving in a traditional way
social control - smart 1997
stricter socialisation and control over girls within the family
- male crime is role expressive
- female crime role is distorting
lack of opportunities
women are confined to the domestic sphere and have less time to indulge in criminality
the chivalry thesis - pollark 1950
men are taught to be chivalroud towards women
- women are devious and fake their emotions to trick men
the chivalry thesis examples
- oxford medical student was spared in cjs due to having ‘promising medical career
- 10% of women have a criminal record/ 30% of men
the chivalry thesis evaluation - walkgate 1998
rape cases dont usually get taken to criminal proceedings
the liberation thesis - alder 1975
womens liberation would increase participation in crime and a rise in equality leads to masculine behaviour - ladettes
the liberation thesis - denscombe 2001
teen girls adopting traditional male values such as being in control
the liberation thesis - criticism
female crime rates are so low that any increase is a big %
- poor and marginalised women are most likely to be criminals than liberated middle class women
the liberation thesis criticism - thornton 1980
women prisoners most likely from impoverished/uneducated backgrounds
masculinities and crime - messerschmidt 1993
men constantly working to achieve hegemonic masculinity
- a businessman would control the female employees
- middle class males are emasculated in schools and make up for it through oppositional masculinity
masculinities and crime - campbell 1993
agressive masculinity
- adopted by young men to compensate lack of breadwinner status
- expressed through violence and forms of control
masculinities and crime - musher 1991
hegemonic masculinity (hypermasculinity)
- dangerousness and acceptance of violence
masculinities and crime - baird 2012
reproduces existing versions of masculinity they are exposed to while growing up
- violence and gang membership is dependant on family support
masculinities and crime - winlow 2001 crisis of masculinity
1980s mass unemployed led to young males without breadwinner status
- new masculine careers demonstrate criminality as en entrepreneurial concern
masculinities and crime - katz and lyng 2000
edgework - young males gaining pleasure in taking risks
violent crime is seductive and undertaken for thrill and potential danger
