relationship between ethnicity and crime

Question 1

discrimination and racism in cjs - anderson 1990

Answer 1

policing in a neighbourhood
- police assume white people were middle class and ‘trustworthy’
- harras young black males

Question 2

discrimination and racism in cjs - hall 1999

Answer 2

scarman report - official response to racial violence and rioting in british cities, socioeconomic disadvantages faced by ethnic minorities create disposition
mcpherson report - official enquiry on the murder to stephan lawrence

Question 3

sentancing and the coruts - hood 1992

Answer 3

• black people are 5% more likely to be imprisoned
• higher % of ethnic minorities were sentenced to immediate custody
• black people recieved the highest sentences

Question 4

institutional racism and police culture - police culture

Answer 4

shared set of norms, values, attitudes and practices
- canteen culture is the attitudes and values exhibited by the police in their off duty socialising

Question 5

institutional racism and police culture - holdaway 1966

Answer 5

racialisation of plicing, routine and mundane police work and relationships
- police officers may inadvertently act in racist ways without realising

Question 6

institutional racism and police culture - chan 1997

Answer 6

inappropriate use of discretion has led to over/under policing of particular types of offenders and victims
- methodological suspicion

Question 7

evaluation - waddington 2004

Answer 7

facotrs like availablity and age profiles as explanations to why minorities are treated disproportionately

Question 8

higher levels of criminality - nightingale 1993

Answer 8

conspicuous consumption and glorification of violence in american culture are key factors

Question 9

higher levels of criminality - pitts 2008

Answer 9

ethnic minorities has immobilised at the bottom of the economic ladder
- further marginalisation creates frustration

Question 10

higher levels of criminality - gunter 2008

Answer 10

importance of subculture amongst young black males
- road culture and badness gain respect

Question 11

resistance and criminality - lea and young 1982

Answer 11

moral panics of mugging is not a distinct offence
statistics show misleading information

Question 12

resistance and criminality - gilroy

Answer 12

myth of black criminality - alien immigrant and black mugger personify crime
- racist practice target black communities

Question 13

resistance and criminality - palmer 2013

Answer 13

challenges those who discard social class
- multiple disadvantages mean it cant be assumed that black males have same reasons as white males for commiting crime
- media provide relative deprivation and unnecessary injustices

Question 14

asians and crime - fitzgerald and sibbitt 1997

Answer 14

home office classified asians as one category

Question 15

asians and crime - parmar and phillips 2003

Answer 15

pliability of stereotypes of asians
- law abiding behvaiour that explained low crime now promotes criminal and deviant behaviour

Question 16

asians and crime - abbas 2004

Answer 16

passive asian stereotype allowed for a climate of islamophobia
- stop and searches on asians has increased significantly