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crime and deviance > crime and deviance measurements and definitions > Flashcards

crime and deviance measurements and definitions Flashcards

1
Q

crime

A

a legal wrong followed by legal proceedings

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2
Q

deviance

A

behvaiour which is disapproved of by most people in society

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3
Q

social construction

A

created ad defined by society

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4
Q

relative

A

vary according to time, society and circumstances

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5
Q

social order

A

conformity to the shared norm and values, society ispeaceful and predictable

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6
Q

official crime statistics

A

produced from police, coruts and prison records

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7
Q

crime survey for england and wales

A

csew - a victim survey which aska people bout their experiences of crime

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8
Q

police recorded crime figure - strengths

A
  • easy to access
  • up to date and standardised
  • representative of population
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9
Q

police recorded crime figures - limitations

A
  • undetected/unrecorded
  • ‘dark figure of crime’
  • varying accuracy
  • public perception changes
  • police discretion
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10
Q

dark figure of crime

A

includes rimes which are unrecorded

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11
Q

mumsnet 2012

A

83% of those whove been raped/sa went unreported
- embarassed due to low conviction rates
- 70% media is unsympathetic to women whove been raped

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12
Q

police discretion

A

individual officers may be corrput which comprimises accuracy

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13
Q

functionalist view on police stats

A
  • measuring social behaviour scientifically
  • uses ‘typical criminal’
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14
Q

new right view on police stats

A
  • accept typical criminal
  • laws are made to benefit society
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15
Q

left realist view on police stats

A

should be supplemented by other methods like victim surveys

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16
Q

feminist view on police stats

A

females commit less crime than males

17
Q

marxist view on police stats

A

tool used to control the working class and to justify their oppression

18
Q

interactionist view on police stats

A
  • social construction of statistics
  • police labelling
19
Q

radical cirminologists view on police stats

A

police labelling for political reasons

20
Q

victim studies

A

csew - afce to face structured interviews
- representative 35k adults and 3k children per year
- respondents asked about personally experienced crimes

21
Q

limitations of victim studies

A
  • victimless crimes
  • 16+ in the past
  • overall trends are an estimate
  • respond rate is 75%
22
Q

islington crime survey

A

1/3 of all households experiencesserious crimes and unemployment issues
- 28% felt unsafe in homes

23
Q

islington crime survey - young 1988

A

higher rate of female victimistion, non reporting of domestic offences

24
Q

islington crime survey limitations

A
  • dark figure of crime is present
  • ## response rates
25
Q

islington crime survey limitations

A
  • dark figure of crime is present
  • response rates
  • overestimation of crime as non vicitms wont see point of taking aprt
26
Q

self report studies

A

involves asking people about their offences
- focused on youth and minor crimes
- police stats overemphasise w/c men involvement in crimes

27
Q

the cambridge study - self report

A

followed cirminal careers of 411 south london
- boys aged 8-32 in 1961

28
Q

the edinburgh study - self report

A

longditudinal study of the offending careers of 4000 young people

29
Q

issues of self report studies

A

validity
attrition
ethics

30
Q

validity issues

A

participants may conceal offendings
- 2% of uncovicted boys claimed to be convicted
- young males admit that they are convicted but older males dont

31
Q

west and farrington - validity issues

A

age 18 - 94% of convicted boys admitted they had been convicted

32
Q

attrition issues

A

participation and drop out rates
- difficult participants to find
- high attrition rate is missing frequent offenders

33
Q

ethical issues

A

informed consent
confidentiality
right to withdraw (edinburgh study)

crime and deviance (16 decks)

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