CAGE patterns and trends in crime Flashcards
class offending - sutherland (1949)
criminal stats show that crime has a lower incidence in the upper socioeconomic class and a high icnidence in lower socioeconomic classes
class offending - social exclusion unit (2002)
prisioners have a history of social exclusion
- 70% of prison population have been unemployed prior
- 30% had been homeless
class victimisation
poor are subject to ‘multiple victimisation’
class victimisation - great british crime survey
young households and the unemployed are most likely to be burgled and victims of violence
class victimisation - young 1988
myth of the equal victim
- the poor are hit harder than other groups
class victimisation - kinsey, merseyside crime survey 1984
the poor suffer more than the qealthy from the effects of crime - economically
gender offending
males commit 80% of all offences
gender offending - ministry of justice 2013
females account for 18% of arrests
- 25% of convictions
gender official crime data
peak female age is 15
peak male age is 18
gender offending impacts
female offenders more likely to be on benefits
- females treated more leniently
gender victimisation
levels for women are lower than men
gender victimisation - CSEW
since 1982 fewer woemna re vitims of crime than men
- men more likely vicitms of violence from strangers
- women 2x as likely to report abuse from a partner than men
gender victimisation - young 1988
power dynamics change the meaning or seriousness in the same crimes
gender victimistaion - hanmer and saunders 1984
interviewed women in leeds
- 20% on a street had been SA unreported
age offending
10-17 years responsible for minority of incidence of police recorded crimes
- 20% in 2009/10
- females more likely to recieve youth caution
age offending - mcvie 2004
relationship between age andoffedning is unclear because of age bands – lose precise data
age victimisation
odler people are more likely to fear crime
young people are likely the vicitms
age vicitimsiation - young 1988
violent rimes have more impact on older people
- young women 20-24 are more likely vicitims of domestic abuse than other ages
- 12% of over 65s reported being victims of fraud
age vicitmisation - farrington et al (2006)
cambridge study, longditudinal study of 411 boys from east london, by age 50:
- 98% still alive
- 360 had criminal records
- offending peaked at 17
ethnicity offending
black people arrested 3x more than white people
ethncity offending - 2013 stats
black people 3.1% of population but were 14% of stop and searches
asian were 6.4% but were 10.3% of stop and searches
ethnicity offending - bowling and philips 2006
the corwn prosecution service is more likely to drop cases involving black suspects
- suggesting that police arrest black people with inadequate evidence
ethnicity victimisation - CSEW
- adults from minority ethnic groups are more likely to be victims of personal crimes
- black people have higher risk of victims of homocide
ethnicity victimisation - stephan lawrence
young black boy murdered by a group of white boys
- wasnt solved till years later
