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Urinary > Regulation of osmolarity > Flashcards

Regulation of osmolarity Flashcards

1
Q

Where is ADH synthesised?

A

Magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamus

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2
Q

Where is ADH secreted?

A

Posterior pituitary

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3
Q

When osmoreceptors detect an increase in the OP, what happens to ADH secretion?

A

Increased ADH production

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4
Q

What happens to ADH secretion when osmolarity decreases?

A

Decreased

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5
Q

What is the difference between osmolarity & tonicity

A

Molecules which can penetrate the membrane along with water do not produce tonicity but affect osmolarity.
Impermeable molecules affect tonicity

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6
Q

What is urea?

A

Ineffective osmole

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7
Q

Does urea change the osmolarity?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What increases the permeability of collecting ducts to water? How?

A

ADH

Aquaporins

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9
Q

If maximal ADH is produced, how concentrated will the urine become?

A

1200mOsm

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10
Q

With maximal ADH, what urine will be produced?

A

Small concentrated urine

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11
Q

In the absence of ADH, what is the concentration of urine?

A

100mOsm

30-50 due to more ion reabsorption

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12
Q

Is the CD permeable or impermeable to water in the absence of ADH?

A

Impermeable

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13
Q

Are CD permeable to urea?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What enhances the CD permeability to urea?

A

ADH

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15
Q

In antidiuresis, what will happen to urea levels? What does it do

A

Reabsorb urea

Acts to reinforce the medullary interstitial gradient

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16
Q

Why is it important that urea can be recycled during antiduiresis?

A

It has an osmotic effect therefore would draw water into CD

17
Q

When ECF increases, what happens to ADH secretion?

A

Decreases

18
Q

When ECF decreases, what happens to ADH secretion?

A

Increases

19
Q

Where are low P receptors found?

A

R & L atria & great veins

20
Q

Where are the High P receptors found?

A

Carotid & aortic arch baroreceptors

21
Q

What normally tonically inhibits ADH secretion?

A

Vagus nerve

22
Q

What affect does orthostatic hypotension have on ADH secretion?

A

Increases ADH

23
Q

What stimulates increase in ADH production?

A 
Exercise
Stress
Nicotine
Pain
Emotion
24
Q

What decreases ADH secretion?

A

Alcohol

25
Q

What are the 3 main stimuli which promote ADH secretion?

A

Low P receptors
High P receptors
Osmoreceptors

26
Q

What condition demonstrates ADH deficiency?

A

Diabetes Insipidus

27
Q

What could be a primary cause of DI?

A

Tumour or trauma to hypothalamus

28
Q

What could cause secondary DI?

A

Insensitivity of CD to ADH

29
Q

What symptoms are experienced with DI?

A

Thirst
Drink large amounts of water
Large volume of dilute urine

30
Q

How can central DI be treated?

A

Administer ADH

Urinary (17 decks)

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