Anatomy Flashcards
Name the component parts of the urinary system
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
What level to the kidneys sit at?
T12-L3
Which kidney lies higher up?
Left
Right - liver
What are the 4 layers which cover the kidney?
Renal capsule
Peri-renal fat
Renal fascia (Gerota’s fascia)
Para-renal fat
Why is there fat surrounding the kidneys?
Protection
How are the kidneys peritonised?
Retroperitoneal
What structures are in contact with the right kidney?
Suprarenal gland Liver Duodenum Colon Jejunum
What structures are in contact with the left side?
Suprarenal gland Stomach Spleen Pancreas Small bowel Areas of left colonic flexure
Where does the SMA leave the aorta in relation to renal vein?
Above
What is the sympathetic innervation of the kidneys?
T12-L1
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the kidneys?
Vagus nerve
Where does lymph drain from the kidneys?
Para-aortic lymph nodes
What is the name of a kidney that has not separated in embryological development?
Horseshoe kidney
What is the name given to a system where 2 ureters are present?
Duplex system
What structures are present in the renal medulla?
Renal Pyramids Calyx Pelvi Ureter Hilum of kidney
At the nephron level, what is present at the renal cortex?
Glomerulus/ Bowmans capsule
DCC/PCC
At the nephron, which is present at the renal medulla?
Collecting ducts
Loop of Henle
At which level are the paired renal arteries given off?
L1
Which renal vessel travels across the front of the aorta?
Left renal vein
Out of the L/R renal arteries, which is the longest?
Right renal artery
Which vein travels through the abdominal cavity and drains into the left renal vein?
Left gonadal (testicular/ovarian) vein
Where does the right gonadal vein drain into?
IVC
What muscle do the ureters lie on?
Psoas major
Where are the most common regions for calculi to occur in ureters?
3 constrictions of ureter
What part of the bladder do the ureters enter in to?
Trigone of bladder
What part of the bladder does the urethra exit?
Neck of the bladder
In females, what crosses the ureters superiorly at the pelvic brim?
Uterine artery
In males, what cross the ureters anteriorly at the pelvic brim?
Vas deferens
What attaches the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus?
Median umbilical ligament
What is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of embryologically?
Allantois
What tissue is the bladder composed of?
Smooth muscle
Which bony joint does the bladder sit in relation with?
Pubic symphysis
What is the name of the peritoneal pouch formed between the bladder & rectum (or uterus & rectum)?
Pouch of Douglas
What kind of epithelium lines bladder & ureters?
Stratified transitional epithelium
Along which area of vertebra do the ureters run along?
Transverse process
