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Applied Biochemistry > Regulation Of Gene Expression (Exam III) > Flashcards

Regulation Of Gene Expression (Exam III) Flashcards

1
Q

All letters in a gene name are

A

Italicized

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2
Q

Human gene names are designated with:

A

All capitalized and italicized letters

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3
Q

Mouse genes are designated with:

A

First letter capitalized and all letters italicized

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4
Q

What are the general requirements for gene expression control

A

Transcriptional machinery

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5
Q

What are the gene-specific requirements for gene expression control (4)

A

1- intracellular hormone-receptor complexes
2- intracellular second messengers
3- gene specific (class specific) transcription factors
4- gene regulatory sequences

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6
Q

Transcription factor increases gene expression

A

Activator

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7
Q

Transcription factor increases gene expression but requires buddy system

A

Coactivators

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8
Q

Transcription factor that decreases gene expression

A

Repressors

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9
Q

Transcription factor that decreases gene expression but requires buddy system

A

Corepressors

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10
Q

Islands of CpG dinucleotide sequences to produce 5-meC

A

DNA methylation

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11
Q

DNA methylation adds 5’ methyl group on the cytosine which causes:

A

Compaction of DNA into heterochromatin

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12
Q

DNA exists in a highly condensed ____ form with a lot of ____ surrounding it

A

Nucleosome
Protein

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13
Q

Dependent upon if you are looking at the major or minor groove side:

A

Different molecules will be available to interact with

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14
Q

A DNA Binding protein motif common in transcription factors and consist of alpha helices bound by a looping stretch of amino acids

A

Helix-loop-helix

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15
Q

A DNA Binding protein motif that has multiple type but all have a bound zinc metal ion associated with the protein. Some have an alpha-helix plus beta-sheet structure, while others have a more helix-turn-helix structural motif

A

Zinc finger motifs

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16
Q

Zinc finger motifs can be _____ or _____

A

Monomers or dimers

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17
Q

A DNA Binding protein motif consisting of two alpha helices joined together by a short stretch of amino acids

A

Helix-turn-helix

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18
Q

A DNA Binding protein motif where two proteins, each with an alpha-helix (formed largely by consecutive leucine residues) form a Y-shaped coiled-coil structure. It results in both proteins and DNA binding

A

Leucine Zipper

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19
Q

The majority of DNA binding proteins function as: (2)

A

1- dimers
2- tandem clusters

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20
Q

Particular sequence of amino acids or nucleic acids that is associated with some kind of function - a shared sequence

A

Motif

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21
Q

3D structural entities that can function independently of the rest of the protein

A

Domain

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22
Q

Motif that is capable of promoting both DNA binding and dimerization of itself

A

Leucine zipper

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23
Q

Have a specific nucleotide sequence so that they can position certain critical nucleotides in the right groove

A

Consensus nuclear response element

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24
Q

In prokaryotes the repressor and activator binding sites are generally closely juxtaposed to the:

A

RNA polymerase binding site

25
Q

In eukaryotes its believed that the DNA regulatory sequences can be located at great distances relative to the ______ of transcription

A

Start site

26
Q

Sequence that contains the start site of transcription for many RNA polymerase II genes and bind TFIID

A

INR

27
Q

Site located at +30 bp 3’ to the start site and binds TFIID

A

DPE

28
Q

Sequence located at -35 5’ of the start site and binds TFIIB

A

BRE

29
Q

What does BRE bind

A

TFIIB

30
Q

What does DPE bind

A

TFIID

31
Q

What does INR bind

A

TFIID

32
Q

What does the TATA box bind

A

The TBP subunit of TFIID

33
Q

Many DNA proteins have DNA binding activity (they bind DNA) but may not have:

A

Transactiviting activity

34
Q

Turns on the expression of a gene

A

Transactivating activity

35
Q

If a DNA protein does not have transactivating activity it must have:

A

Another protein paired with them to turn on the gene

36
Q

When you have a gene activator that binds to chromatin what occurs next

A

Chromatin has to remodel to open up

37
Q

The chromatin remodeling process often involves

A

Histone modification enzymes- associated with the nucleosomes

38
Q

Histone modifications will do what four things to relax the nucleosome structure

A

Methylate
Demethylate
Acetylate
Deacetylate

39
Q

Mediators, general transcription factors and RNA polymers assemble ________ at the promotor

A

Pre-initiation complex

40
Q

The autosomes and X-chromosomes are amenable to linkage mapping studies because

A

They undergo recombination

41
Q

The Y chromosomes with exception of the pseudoautosomal region does not:

A

Undergo recombination

42
Q

The most commonly used current technology for identifying mutations in genes

A

DNA/RNA sequencing coupled with software databases

43
Q

What allows use to identify casual nutations in those cases where a large family suitable for linkage analysis is not available

A

Exome sequencing

44
Q

Sequencing the entire genome

A

Genome sequencing

45
Q

Sequencing only the bits of information that code for proteins - looks at exons

A

Exomic sequencing

46
Q

A means to look at what genes are being expressed inside a cell - looks at mRNA

A

Transcriptomic sequence into or RNA-seq

47
Q

Allows us to look at DNA methylation, ChIP sequencing and ribosome profiling

A

Epigenomics

48
Q

OPPG individuals have a ______ bone density

A

Extremely low

49
Q

What gene is mutated in the HGM individual

A

LRP5

50
Q

Loss of function mutations give rise to ______
Gain of function mutations give rise to ______

A

OPPG
HBM

51
Q

The HMB mutation in LRP5 is due to

A

A single amino acid change

52
Q

LRP5 and LRP6 have function in the

A

Wnt signaling pathway

53
Q

Beta-catenin is known to be a ______ so it needs to be tightly regulated

A

Oncogenic gene

54
Q

Sclerostin binds LRP5/6 and inhibits the:

A

Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling

55
Q

Protein that forms a complex with DNA, may or may not have transactivating ability

A

DNA binding protein

56
Q

DNA sequence that modulates DNA transcription in an orientation and location independent fashion

A

Enhancer

57
Q

DNA sequence or promotor that serves to bind transcriptional regulatory proteins

A

Nuclear response elements

58
Q

Transcription factors that bind DNA, “read” the DNA sequence based upon interaction between specific _______ in their DNA binding motif and ______ that are present in the major and minor grooves of the DNA

A

Amino acids
Proton donors/acceptors

59
Q

Different type of DNA binding proteins used different types of _____ structure motifs to interact with the major and minor grooves of DNA

A

Secondary/Tertiary

Applied Biochemistry (18 decks)

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