Regulation of Blood Flow Flashcards

1
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

Flow between any two points is pressure difference divided by resistance

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2
Q

Is it more advantageous to regulate blood flow by changing pressure or by changing resistance?

A

Resistance. Changing resistance allows you to regulate pressure in each organ individually. Changing pressure would have an affect on all organs.

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3
Q

Small changes in radius yield —— changes in resistance?

A

Large. Resistance is related to the inverse of the 4th power of the radius

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4
Q

Contributors to rapid regulation of vascular resistance at a local level are?

A

Regulation by local factors
Regulation by the sympathetic nervous system
Regulation by humoral factors.

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5
Q

Slow regulation of vascular resistance involves what?

A

Reduction in blood vessel lumen size (hypertrophy) and/or change in number of blood vessels per tissue unit

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6
Q

Hyperemia

A

increased blood flow

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7
Q

Active hyperemia

A

increased blood flow due to increased function

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8
Q

Reactive hyperemia

A

follows reduction of blood flow to a specific site

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9
Q

More metabolism =

A

more blood flow

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10
Q

Less oxygen saturation causes what effect on bloodflow?

A

less oxygen sat leads to more blood flow

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11
Q

Products of metabolism may play an important role inregulation of blood flow.

A

Important vasodilator metabolites are ATP, Adenosine, ADP, AMP, Carbon Dioxide, Lactic Acid, Potassium

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11
Q

Products of metabolism may play an important role inregulation of blood flow.

A

Important vasodilator metabolites are ATP, Adenosine, ADP, AMP, Carbon Dioxide, Lactic Acid, Potassium

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12
Q

Describe how metabolites control blood flow in active hyperemia

A

Increased tissue activity leads to increased metabolism which leads to increased metabolite accumulation, vasodilation and increased blood flow.

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12
Q

Describe how metabolites control blood flow in active hyperemia

A

Increased tissue activity leads to increased metabolism which leads to increased metabolite accumulation, vasodilation and increased blood flow.

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13
Q

How do metabolites control blood flow in reactive hyperemia?

A

Decreased bllod flow leads to an increase in metabolite accumulation which leads to vasodilarion and increased blood flow

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13
Q

How do metabolites control blood flow in reactive hyperemia?

A

Decreased bllod flow leads to an increase in metabolite accumulation which leads to vasodilarion and increased blood flow

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14
Q

Mechanisms responsible for autoregulation?

A

Metabolic and Myogenic

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14
Q

Mechanisms responsible for autoregulation?

A

Metabolic and Myogenic

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15
Q

In the myogenic mechanism, Stretch induces what?

A

calcium channel activity

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15
Q

In the myogenic mechanism, Stretch induces what?

A

calcium channel activity

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16
Q

Major innervation of blood vessels?

A

Sympathetic fibers.

Major transmitter substance is norepinephrine

16
Q

Major innervation of blood vessels?

A

Sympathetic fibers.

Major transmitter substance is norepinephrine

17
Q

Where are blood vessels most heavily innervated?

A

Cutaneous, renal, splanchnic, skeletal muscle

17
Q

Where are blood vessels most heavily innervated?

A

Cutaneous, renal, splanchnic, skeletal muscle

18
What areas are mores sparsely innervated?
Cerebral and Coronary vasculature
18
What areas are mores sparsely innervated?
Cerebral and Coronary vasculature
19
Sympathetic nerve stimulation impacts vascular resistance how?
Increases it
19
Sympathetic nerve stimulation impacts vascular resistance how?
Increases it
20
Norepinephrine and Epinephrine are released from where>
Adrenal Medulla via sympathetic stimulation
20
Norepinephrine and Epinephrine are released from where>
Adrenal Medulla via sympathetic stimulation
21
Alpha receptors mediate what?
Vasoconstriction
21
Alpha receptors mediate what?
Vasoconstriction
22
Beta receptors mediate what?
vasodilation
22
Beta receptors mediate what?
vasodilation
23
Norepinephrine mainly interacts with what receptors?
Alpha
23
Norepinephrine mainly interacts with what receptors?
Alpha
24
Epinephrine usually interacts with what receptors?
Beta
24
Epinephrine usually interacts with what receptors?
Beta
25
Angiotensin II does what>
constricts arteries and veins
25
Angiotensin II does what>
constricts arteries and veins
26
Vasopressin
regulates plasma volume by directing kidneys to decrease urine output
26
Vasopressin
regulates plasma volume by directing kidneys to decrease urine output
27
Brdykinin
a polypeptide whereas histamine is a biogenic amine. Both are vasodilators and increase capillary permeability.
27
Brdykinin
a polypeptide whereas histamine is a biogenic amine. Both are vasodilators and increase capillary permeability.
28
Prostaglandins
vasodilators
28
Prostaglandins
vasodilators
29
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Released from atrial myocytes and tells kidneys to make more urine
29
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Released from atrial myocytes and tells kidneys to make more urine
30
Nitric Oxide
Potent vasodilator
30
Nitric Oxide
Potent vasodilator