Phospholipid pathophys

Question 1

Is it true that every tissue in the body makes enough cholersterol to be self-sufficient

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

What is the desired direction of transport for triglycerides

Answer 2

from the gut and liver to the muscle to be utilized for energy

Question 3

What is the desired route of transport for cholesterol

Answer 3

From the peripheral tissues back to the liver.

Question 4

Does LDL do anything good>

Answer 4

No, its basically just an end product of VLDL metabolism and must be removed before it harms the vasculature

Question 5

All lipoproteins contain what particles

Answer 5

cholestetrol, triglycerides, phospholipids

Question 6

without lipoproteins

Answer 6

the fats contained inside them would coalesce into huge balls that would clog up any artery

Question 7

Apolipoproteins

Answer 7

components of lipoproteins, serve three functions:

1) influence the structural characteristics of the lipoprotein particle
2) act as enzyme cofactors which activate or inhibit the various enzymes that control lipoprotein metabolism
3) May be ligands for cell receptors

Question 8

What are chylomicrons and VLDLs

Answer 8

triglyceride rich lipoproteins made in the small intestine and the liver.

Question 9

Disorders or Apo B synthesis cause problems why?

Answer 9

ApoB is the structural protein of Triglycerides and CMs. Neither the liver nor the intestine can secrete triglycerides without synthesizing Apo B.

Question 10

Truncations of ApoB synthesis lead to ?

Answer 10

hypobetalipoproteinemia….caused by mutations which casue premature termination of ApoB transcription

Question 11

Heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia

Answer 11

LDL is 25-50% of normal. May develop fatty liver.

Question 12

Homozygous hypobetalipoproteiemia

Answer 12

very low LDL will have fat malabsorption…trouble absorbing vitamins A, E, and K. E deficiency can cause neuromuscular degeneration, k causes prothrombin deficiency

Question 13

Abetalipoproteinemia

Answer 13

Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein deficiency

Question 14

What does MTP usually do

Answer 14

transfers triglycerides and cholesterol esters between phospholipid surfaces and controls the formation of a lipid droplet to which Apo B can attach.

Question 15

heterozygote Abetalipoproteinemia

Answer 15

no abnormalities

Question 16

Homozygotic abetalipoproteinemia

Answer 16

NO MTP so they cannot assemble chylomicron or VLDL particles so they are unable to transport triglycerides out of the liver or intestine

Question 17

hypo and abeta are very similar

Answer 17

Yes.

Question 18

Excess ApoB levels are associated with

Answer 18

Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (FCHL) and hyperapobetalipoproteinemia.

Question 19

What is Apo B

Answer 19

the structural protein for CMs and VLDLs

Question 20

FCHL and hyperapoB are associated with:

Answer 20

increased risk of CV disease

Question 21

One well described genetic defect associated with FCHL is

Answer 21

heterozygous deficiency of Lipoprotein lipase

Question 22

hyperapo-B is characterized by:

Answer 22

“a cholesterol depleted apoB-100 LDL particle”

Loof for an increase in ApoB without an increase in LDL cholesterol

Question 23

Famlial hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 23

Over production of triglycerides

Question 24

What environmental factors can cause VLDL levels to increase

Answer 24

ANything that increases the amount of fatty acids or triglycerides being delivered to the liver. 1) Dietary Fat 2) Visceral Adipocytes 3) High glucose 4) Fructose and alcohoc

Question 25

Increased VLDL

Answer 25

increased risk of CVD

Question 26

Triglycerides characteristics

Answer 26

often present as xanthomas when tri’s are high. Crucial for moving energy around the body under physiologic conditions