Cardiac Buzzwords

Question 1

Mesothelial cells

Answer 1

Epicardium…along with CT and adipose tissue

Question 2

Staph aureus

Answer 2

Pus filled abcesses

Question 3

Urinary tract Infections

Answer 3

Staph saprophyticus

Question 4

Staph epidermis

Answer 4

indwellingmedical devides

Question 5

Acetylcholine

Answer 5

Lowers Heart Rate

Question 6

Increase in heart rate does what to contractility

Answer 6

increases it

Question 7

Vagus nerve

Answer 7

parasympathetic innvervation of the heart…AV node

Question 8

Transmural infarction

Answer 8

full thickening of the heart wall. Often associated with occlusive thrombosis superimposed on an atherosclerotic plaque. Typically disruption of an unstable or vulnerable by ulceration or rupture

Question 9

Occlusive thrombosis superimposed on an atherosclerotic plaque leads to

Answer 9

Transmural infarction

Question 10

Hypereosinophilia, loss of striation, nuclear changes

Answer 10

Coagulation necrosis…Major characteristic of unreperfused MI

Question 11

Reperfusion injury

Answer 11

Hemorrhage and other injurious phenomena associated with bringing oxygen and calcium to injured tissue, attributed to reactive oxygen species and metabolic effects of calcium

Question 12

Prehypertension

Answer 12

120-139 systolic, 80-89 diastolic

Question 13

Hypertension stage 1

Answer 13

140-159, 90-99

Question 14

Hypertension stage 2

Answer 14

over 160, over 100 Both in the triple digits, you’re at stage 2

Question 15

Up 19 for systolic (start at 120) up 9 for diastolic (start at 80)

Answer 15

rules for htn

Question 16

BPH relief

Answer 16

Alpha one adrenergic blockers (Osins)

Terazosin and Doxazosin

Question 17

HIgh renin pts HTN treatment

Answer 17

Beta Blocker

Question 18

Bradykinin causes

Answer 18

vasodilation and with ACEi’s DRY COUGH

Question 19

When ACEi cause dry cough, use

Answer 19

ARBs

Question 20

-osin

Answer 20

Alpha blocker

Question 21

-olol

Answer 21

Beta blocker

Question 22

-pril

Answer 22

ACEi

Question 23

-ine

Answer 23

ARB

Question 24

Propanolol

Answer 24

Non-specific beta blocker

Question 25

P, Cart, P, P, T

Answer 25

Non specific beta blockers...propanolol, carteolol, penbutolol, pindolol, Timolol

Question 26

HR greater than 100

Answer 26

sinus tachycardia as long as its a normal arrhythmia

Question 27

HR less than 60

Answer 27

Bradycardia

Question 28

Slow conducting tissues, AV and SA node, depolarization is ...... dependent

Answer 28

Calcium

Question 29

Fast conducting tissues, Atrial and Ventricular cells, depolarization is ....... dependent

Answer 29

Sodium

Question 30

MTP deficiency

Answer 30

abetalipoproteinemia....no chylomicrons, ldl, vldl, etc... because mtp packs these things

Question 31

LPL deficiency

Answer 31

Hypertriglyceridemia

Question 32

LPL does what

Answer 32

removes triglycerides from CM and VLDL

Question 33

Eruptive xanthoma at birth

Answer 33

Hypertriglyceridemia....b/c xanthomas are a sign of high LDL

Question 34

Familial combined hyperlipidemia

Answer 34

Overproduction of Apo B which leads to an overproduction of VLDL particles that cause endothelial damage. Increased risk for CVD

Question 35

Dysbetalipoproteinemia

Answer 35

Apo E mutation. Normally ApoE allows IDL and CM to be taken up by the liver.Extreme CVD risk and orange tonsils

Question 36

familial hypercholesterolemia

Answer 36

LDL receptor deficiency, no fat cleared from system. high LDL in heterozygotes, homozygotes will have first MI by age 5

Question 37

Familial hypo ApoA1

Answer 37

HDL less than 5

Question 38

Complete loss of LCAT

Answer 38

leads to anemia, renal disease, cataracts,

Question 39

LCAT deficiency

Answer 39

low hdl-C and high triglycerides

Question 40

Specifically, what is the mechanism of signaling for the alpha one receptor

Answer 40

Forms IP3 and DAG, leads to a rise in intracellular calcium

Question 41

Specifically, what is the mechanism of the alpha 2 receptor?

Answer 41

Inhibits adenylyl cyclase, lowers cAMP concentrations

Question 42

What is the mechanism of the Beta 1 recptor

Answer 42

Upregulates adenylyl cyclase

Question 43

Mechanism of the beta 2 receptor

Answer 43

stimulates adenylyl cyclase

Question 44

Norepinephrine

Answer 44

Lowers pulse rate but increases blood pressure by increasing TPR

Question 45

Epinephrine

Answer 45

Raises pulse rate but BP stays about the same b/c TPR goes down

Question 46

Isoproterenol

Answer 46

Raises pulse rate but lowers blood pressure b/c TPR goes down so low

Question 47

Prostaglandins vasoconstrict or dilate

Answer 47

Vasodialate

Question 48

Endothelins, Kinins, NO

Answer 48

vasodilators

Question 49

-Tan

Answer 49

ARBs

Question 50

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves has the greatest effect on action potentials where?

Answer 50

AV node. It does not have an effect on most Action potentials driven by fast sodium channels (atrial, ventricle fibers)

Question 51

Parasympathetic innervation originates from where

Answer 51

The Medulla Oblongata

Question 52

right vagus goes to SA left vagus goes to AV

Answer 52

true

Question 53

Calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is based on:

Answer 53

Speed and volume of calcium influx during the action potential. The greater the speed and volume of the calcium influx during action potential, the greater the amount released from the SR.. this is calcium induced calcium release

Question 54

WHats the difference between the third and first heart sounds

Answer 54

The third heart sound is generated by blood in the ventricles during ventricular filling. In the first heart sound, the AV valves are already closed

Question 55

Fourth heart sound

Answer 55

Atrial contraction