Cardiac Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of heart wall

A

Epicardium, myocardium, Endocardium
Epicardium; Very thick, mesothelial cells
Myocardium: The thickest, principal cardiac muscle layer
Endocardium: several layers, a very deep subendocardial layers that house purkinjee fibers

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2
Q

Heart valves made of what?

A

CT with overlying endocardium

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3
Q

Define systemic circulation

A

From Heart to arteries, to capillaries, to venules, veins, and back to heart.
Out and Back

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4
Q

What is a portal system

A

A vein or arteriole which provides transportation between two capillary beds.

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5
Q

Name the two portal systems

A

Hepatic, hypothalmic-hypophyseal

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6
Q

Walls of arteries and veins consist of three layers called

A

Tunics

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7
Q

What are the three layers of arteries and veins

A

Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Adventitia

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8
Q

The tunica adventitia consists of what

A

Its own set of vessels known as vasa vasorum

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9
Q

What are nervi vasworum?

A

A network of autonomic nerves that control vessel diameter. They are responsible for the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles in the tunica media

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10
Q

Contraction leads to an increase in vascular resistance which leads to an increase in

A

Blood pressure

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11
Q

Endothelial cells are the innermost layer of what?

A

Tunica intima

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12
Q

Smooth muscle cells in vessels are located where?

A

Tunica Media

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13
Q

Three categories of arteries

A

Large, medium, small duh

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14
Q

Large arteries are also called

A

Elastic arteries….ex: aorta

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15
Q

During diastole, the elastic recoil of large arteries assists in the management of blood pressure.

A

true

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16
Q

Medium artery also known as muscular artery

17
Q

What are arterioles

A

Small arteries

18
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle in arteriolar tunic media

19
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle in medium artery?

A

more than 5

20
Q

Three types of capillaries

A

continuous, fenestrated, and discontinuous

21
Q

Capillaries consist of:

A

One layer endothelium and one basal lamina

22
Q

Where are continuous capillaries found?

A

muscle, lung, CNS

23
Q

Fenestrated capillaries are where?

24
Q

Discontinuous capillaries also called?

25
Found where?
Liver, Spleen, Bone marrow
26
Discontinuous capillaries are irregular in shape, have gaps between endothelial cells.
True
27
three categories of veins
venules, small medium veins, large veins
28
Histamine and serotonin work predominantly where?
Postcapillary venules
29
Muscular venules are located where
Distal to postcapillary venules
30
What is the major difference between a medium sized artery and a medium sized vein?
Medium sized artery has a much wider tunica media. Makes sense, more muscle
31
Large vein and artery comparison
Wall thickness of vein is considerably less than artery but the luminal space of the vein may be larger
32
Think or arterioles and venules being at different ends of capillary beds
true
33
AV Shunt
Arteriole/venule shunt
34
Lymphatic vessels
Fluid from tissue to blood
35
Lymphatic vessels end up as two large trunks which are
Right Lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
36
Purkinjee fibers are located where?
Endocardium
37
Whats one way to tell a large artery from a medium artery if you dont know what muscle or elastic fiber looks like?
The size of the tunica media compared to the tunica adventitia. In the Medium artery, they are both relatively the same size. In the Large artery though, the media is a good deal thicker than the adventitia.