Regulation Flashcards
This is part of the hypothalamus and is the control center for body rhythms.
suprachiasmatic nucleus
This is the name for a generic
stimulus that resets the
circadian rhythm.`
Zeitgeber (sunlight)
This sleep stage contains sleep
spindles and k-complex waves
2
single value that the body works
to maintain
• i.e., levels of water, oxygen, glucose, calcium, protein,
fat and acidity in the body
Set Point
Processes that reduce discrepancies
from the set point
Negative Feedback
Adaptive way in which the body
changes its set point in response to changes in life or
the environment
altering your “set points” to adapt to the
environment
Allostasis
______stimulate or block the release of other
hormones throughout the body.
Hormones
Uses about two-thirds of our energy/
kilocalories per day
Temperature regulation
the energy used
to maintain a constant body
temperature while at rest
Basal metabolism
Poikilothermic
Body temperature matches that of the environment
Organism lacks internal, physiological mechanisms
of temperature regulation
• Choses the environment to reach desired
temperature
• Called “cold-blooded,”
though this term is inaccurate
Homeothermic
The use of internal physiological mechanisms to
maintain an almost constant body temperature
• Mammals, humans and birds
• Requires energy and fuel
• Sweating and panting decrease temperature
• Increasing temperature is accomplished via shivering,
increasing metabolic rate, decreasing
blood flow to the skin, etc.
Benefits of 98 degrees Farenheight, 37 degrees Celsius
Muscle activity benefits from being as warm as possible and ready for vigorous activity • Proteins in the body break their bonds and lose their useful properties at higher temperatures • Reproductive cells require cooler temperatures • Consider: Heat vs invasive fungi • Extreme cold: freezing and cell dama
organism’s
body temperature matches that
of the environment:
Poikilothermic
Location of brain for regulation
preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (POA/AH)
partially monitors the body’s temperature
by monitoring its own temperature
preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (POA/AH)
How does POA/AH regulate body temperature?
Heating the POA/AH leads to
panting or shivering; cooling
leads to shivering
receive input from temperature
sensitive receptors in the skin
Someone in this state has brain stem activity only.
Persistent vegetative state
Secretion of this begins 2-3 hours before bedtime and helps to regulate sleep
Melatonin
What affects heart rate?
digestion
cold?
This is the adaptive way the body changes its “set points” to deal with large environmental changes:
Allostasis
This is when the organism’s body temperature matches that of the environment:
Poikilothermic
Bacteria and viruses trigger the release of leukocytes which release small proteins called _____
cytokines
Cytokines attack intruders but also stimulate
the ____ nerve
vagus
The vagus nerve stimulates the ____to initiate a fever
hypothalamus
