Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

the turn taking system factoids

A
  • 50% of all turns that occur in conversations are smooth
  • a “smooth turn transition” occurs when the floor switches from Person A to Person B without a perceptible pause
  • these turn transitions occur in less than 250 ms
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2
Q

2 speaker behaviors

A
  • turn yielding cues

- turn holding cues

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3
Q

2 listener behaviors

A
  • backchannel comm.

- turn requesting cues

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4
Q

simultaneous turns

A

when both participants claim speaking turn at the same time (ex: Fox News)

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5
Q

simultaneous talk

A

-both speakers are making utterances at the same time (but not always trying to take the floor)

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6
Q

simultaneous turns occur when

A
  1. the listener attempts to take a turn in the absence of a turn yielding cue or
  2. the speaker emits a turn yielding cue but continues to talk
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7
Q

turn yielding cues (6) (speaker)

A

-change in intonation (drop or rise)
-sociocentric sequence (Bernstein, 1962) ex: “ya know?”
-drawl
-termination of gestures
-drop in loudness
-completion of a grammatical clause
(Green light)

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8
Q

turn holding cues (3) (speaker)

A
  • maintenance of active gaze
  • gaze initiation without a yielding cue
  • gesture
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9
Q

turn requesting cues (6) (listener)

A
  • backchannels (according to Wiemann)-utterances “uh” “yeah” “sure”, not taking floor
  • speaker directed gaze
  • audible inhalation (take a audible breathe)
  • forward lean
  • gesture (raising hand)
  • a stutter start (ex: Austin Powers)
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10
Q

backchannels (5) (listener)

A
  • listeners participate in convo via backchannels (i.e. brief gestures, vocalizations, head nods, etc)
  • backchannel elicited in “gaze window”
  • backchannels do not constitute a turn or claim to one
  • backchannels are used to AVOID taking the floor
  • backchannels are also elicited by: sentence completions, request for clarification, and restatement
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11
Q

definitions of interruptions

A
  • to take the floor in absence of turn yielding cues
  • different from simultaneous speech**
  • attempted v. successful interruptions (volume)
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12
Q

responses to interruptions

A
  • people attempt to maintain the floor after an attempted interruption by increasing loudness
  • success depends upon giving out the lowest number of turn yielding cues and the most turn requesting cues
  • interruptions are commonly followed by interruptions
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13
Q

sex differences in interruptions?

A
  • men do not interrupt any more than women did in general
  • women do not get interrupted anymore than men in general
  • there were more opposite sex interruptions, both M>F and F>M than same sex
  • women smiled, agreed, nodded, laughed more in response to interruption than men.
  • this shows evidence of a greater attempt to facilitate the flow of conversation
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14
Q

interruptions and status perceptions

A
  • people who interrupt are perceived as having higher status than people who are interrupted
  • people who get interrupted rated themselves as less influential in convos
  • interrupters, esp. female, are perceived as less likable
  • dilemma: interrupting produces perceptions of higher status but lower likability
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15
Q

deep and/or intrusive interruptions

A
  • more aggressive

- threaten the “territory” of the speaker by means of topic-changing, floor taking, or disagreement

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16
Q

supportive interruptions

A

people interrupt to express agreement with the speaker

17
Q

Gnisi et al (2012)

A
  • found that disagreeing interruptions were viewed POSITIVELY (shows engagement in convo/respect)
  • supportive interruptions viewed positively
  • change subject interruptions viewed negatively, especially when frequent
  • same subject interruptions not viewed as very noxious unless they were frequent
18
Q

patient satisfaction

A

-neg. associated with intrusive interruptions but positively associated with supportive interruptions from physician (2008)