Emotional Expression Flashcards

1
Q

Ekman’s neocultural “Theory” 4 facets

A
  • elicitors
  • facial affect program*
  • display rules
  • behavioral consequences
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2
Q

elicitors

A

environmental factors that produce the emotional state (ex: scorpion)

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3
Q

facial affect program*

A

brain function that triggers facial muscles

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4
Q

display rules

A

cultural, personal, situational factors that modify the conditions that elicit emotion or its expression
(ex: different cultures funerals) (ex: miss america, 2 people)

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5
Q

behavioral consequences

A

nonverbal and verbal signs of emotion, physiological arousal, etc.

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6
Q

functions of display rules (4)

A
  • intensify
  • attenuate
  • neutralize (e.g. poker face)
  • mask (e.g. Miss America, act happy for winner)
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7
Q

universal displays of facial affect study

A
  • studied photos of olympic medal winners
  • gold medal winners displayed Duchenne smile
  • most silver metal winners displayed sadness, sadness-smile blend, forced smiles, or contempt
  • regardless of culture of athlete
  • smile and frowns are innate, not learned
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8
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A
  • external facial displays affect internal emotional state (darwin)
  • intense posing and concealment of pain from shock
  • physiological response is diminished by attempts to conceal (don’t feel)
  • spontaneous vs. posed (+) and (-) facial expressions (1982, on d2l)
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9
Q

effects of Duchenne smile on the experience of emotion

A
  • 4 conditions: control, lips pressing, non-Duchenne smile, Duchenne smile
  • “study on physically handicapped”
  • manipulate objects with mouth (on d2l)
  • watched emotion eliciting videos
  • Ss in the Duchenne smile condition reported more positive experience when viewing pleasant scenes and cartoons
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10
Q

more facial feedback…

A
  • Mori and Mori 2009, adhesive bandages on people’s cheeks connected to rubber bands
  • people were happier when their cheeks were lifted (smile)
  • Dimberg, 2011) people taught to react with smile or frown when exposed to different stimuli.
  • participants rated the stimuli higher in pleasantness in the smile condition compared to the frown condition
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11
Q

developmental issues in the encoding of emotion

A
  • infant facial muscles capable of assuming many expressions
  • imitation (even in pre term infants)
  • judges can correctly identify models facial display based on facial reaction of infant
  • smile, sad present at birth, fear, anger, surprise, come later
  • infants don’t show matching on sadness
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12
Q

personality differences in the encoding of emotion

A
  • differences in expressivity
  • low expressive=internalizer
  • high expressive=externalizer (e.g. mob wive)
  • internalizers are more physiologically aroused
  • externalizers are less physiologically aroused
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13
Q

Channels and specific emotions

A
  • communicate different emotional states to a life sized, human like mannequin dressed in tshirt and sweats
  • people use different channels for different emotions
  • TOUCH: most with love or sympathy, least with guilt, shame, anger, disgust, or fear
  • FACE and BODY: used in most emotions except for love or sympathy
  • SHAME and ANGER: used mostly through body POSTURE
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14
Q

relationship between encoding and decoding

A
  • significant association between encoding PURPOSEFUL and INTENTIONAL displays of emotion and emotional decoding skills exam
  • no association between encoding SPONTANEOUS naturalistic displays of emotion and decoding skills
  • nonverbal decoding skills are associated with what people CAN do emotionally more than what they ACTUALLY do.
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