Regional Neuroanatomy I

Question 1

What are the parts of the prosencephalon?

Answer 1

aka forebrain

parts are telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 2

What are the parts of the telencephalon?

Answer 2

4 systems:

neocortex, basal ganglia, limbic system, olfactory system.

Question 3

What are functions of the neocortex?

Answer 3

voluntary motor activity, integrating/interpreting sensory info, language, memory , abstraction, reasoning, personality

Question 4

What are the critical separations in the neocortex?

Answer 4

central sulcus: frontal and parietal lobes
Sylvian fissure: frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe
parieto-occipital fissure: medial surface of the brain; btw parietal and occipital lobes

Question 5

What are important parts of frontal lobe?

Answer 5

primary motor strip, secondary motor strip, frontal eye fields that control of voluntary eye movement.
broca’s area on the left hemisphere.

Question 6

What are the important parts of the parietal lobe?

Answer 6

primary sensory strip (post central gyrus)

Also Wernicke’s area and the angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus, which are important for integration of sensory info

Question 7

What are the important parts of the occipital lobe?

Answer 7

visual cortex on both banks of the calcarine fissure

Calcarine fissure separates the cuneus from the lingual gyrus

Question 8

What are the important centers for language and their localization?

Answer 8

Left hemisphere
Broca’s area on lateral surface of frontal lobe for language production
Wernicke’s area: lateral surface of the dominant temporal lobe: understanding of language

Question 9

What is the association cortex and function?

Answer 9

primary motor and senstory modalities are integrated.
found in all 4 lobes of brain
motor in frontal lobe; sensory in parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 10

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 10

subcortiacl telencephalic structures involved with motor system. help cortex select wanted and deselect unwanted movements.

Question 11

What are the 3 major parts of the basal ganglia? How are they grouped?

Answer 11

1. caudate nucleus
2. putamen
3. globus pallidus

caudate nucleas + putamen = striatum (functional link)
putamen + globus pallidus = lentiform nucleus (anatomic link)

Question 12

Function of the limbic system:

What is the output?

Answer 12

control emotional response and affective behavior.
individualized interpretive response to external and internal stimuli. output is via hypothalamus, which controls ANS and neuroendocrine secretions.

Question 13

What is the Papez circuit?

Answer 13

helps with incorporating new memory.

hippocampus to fornix to mammillary bodies to anterior nucleus of the thalamus to cingulate cortex to hippocampus.

Question 14

What are the components of the olfactory system?

Answer 14

olfactory bulb and tract, striae, uncus (primary olfactory cortex). lots of input into the limbic system- bypasses the thalamus.

Question 15

Where is the diencephalon? structures?

Answer 15

deep to the prosencephalon and rostral to the midbrain. 4 structures: thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, and epithalamus

Question 16

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 16

executive secretary. sensory modalities, motor relay info, and limbic info processed by thalamus before reaching the cortex.

Question 17

What are the functions of the hypothalamus?

Answer 17

output for limbic system:

autonomic functions and neuroendocrine functions.

Question 18

What are the important parts of the temporal lobe?

Answer 18

the transverse gyrus of Heschel, aka primary auditory cortex

Also some parts of the limbic system, like the amygdala and the hippocampal formation