region neuroanatomy II Flashcards
Sections of the diencephalon
thalamus, hypothalamusm subthalamus, epithalamus
2 major functions of the hypothatlamus
neuroendocrine and autonomic. major output system for the limbic system
what important hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus as part of its autonomic function?
oxytocin and vasopressin. also hormone releasing and inhibiting factors for the pituitary gland.
Where is the subthalamus? What happens if you lesion one of the subthalamic nuclei?
subthlamus is related to the basal ganglia with direct connections to the globus pallduse. lesions cause involuntary movements on the contalateral limbs: hemiballismus
What structures are in the epithalamus?
- pineal gland
- habenular nuclei
- habenular commissure
significant limbic connections
What is important to know about the pineal gland? (imaging, wha does it secrete)?
calcifies in many adults and can be a midline marker. it secretes melatonin- involved in diurnal rhythms and sleep.
What happens with tumors of the pineal gland?
compress the cerebral aqueduct and the pretectum: leads to paralysis of upgaze and obstructive hydroencephalus (Parinaud’s syndrome)
What are the two parts of the brain stem?
mesencephalon (midbrain) and rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
What are the two components of the rhombencephalon?
metencepholon (pons and cerebellum)
myelencephalon (medulla)
What are the three regions of the brain stem?
- tectum (roof)
- tegmentum (core)
- Base
What is contained in the tectum?
the superior and inferior colliculi (quadrigenminal bodies). superior does vision, inferior does hearing
What is found in the tegumentum?
reticular formation, craneal nerve nuclei and ascending lemniscal sensory tracts
What is fournd in the base of the brain stem?
most ventral portion of midbrain, pons, and medulla
cerebral peduncles, basis pontis, and medullary pyramids located in the base of the brainstem
What are the 5 functional components of the brain stem?
motor, sensory, autonomic, cerebellar, reticular formation
