Regional Anatomy 1

Question 1

trunk cavities are derived from

Answer 1

coelomic cavity

Question 2

3 trunk cavities

Answer 2

pericardium, pleura, peritoneum

Question 3

what separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Answer 3

diaphragm - derived from septum transversum

Question 4

abdominal and pelvic cavity are

Answer 4

continuous - abdominopelvic cavity

Question 5

ribs derived from

Answer 5

sclerotome - somites

Question 6

how many ribs

Answer 6

12 pairs

Question 7

true ribs

Answer 7

connect directly to the sternum

Question 8

how many true ribs

Answer 8

7 pairs

Question 9

false ribs

Answer 9

share cartilage of the rib above

Question 10

how many false ribs

Answer 10

3 pairs

Question 11

floating ribs

Answer 11

not connected

Question 12

how many floating ribs

Answer 12

2 pairs

Question 13

sternum derived from

Answer 13

somatopleure

Question 14

top bit of the sternum

Answer 14

manubrium

Question 15

middle bit of the sternum

Answer 15

body

Question 16

bottom sword of the sternum

Answer 16

Xiphoid

Question 17

costal margin

Answer 17

A shaped ventral margin

Question 18

Thorax

Answer 18

○ Body region between the neck and abdomen, encased by the vertebrae, ribs, sternum and diaphragm

Question 19

4 steps to partitioning the mediastinum

Answer 19

1. Heart and diaphragm develop in the neck region
   
   2. Body wall expands faster than the lungs are growing, Creates more space for lungs to grow into
   3. Diaphragm migrates, Innervated by phrenic nerve (C3-5)
   4. Phrenic nerves: Stay around ~width of the vertebrae, Creates a bend in the thoracic coelom, Creates a pleura and pericardial areas

Question 20

Each cavity and the organs within are lined with

Answer 20

mesothelium

Question 21

§ Mesothelium

Answer 21

□ Serous secreting epithelium (lining) that reduces friction
□ Mesodermal in origin
Entails the purpose of all body cavity linings

Question 22

what is the mediastinum

Answer 22

the area between the lungs

Question 23

sternal angle

Answer 23

angle created at the interface between the manubrium and the sternal body

Question 24

rib connecting to sternal angle

Answer 24

second rib

Question 25

rib 2 connects to

Answer 25

2nd thoracic vertebrae

Question 26

cupola

Answer 26

part of the mediastinum that protrudes above the superior thoracic opening

Question 27

transverse line from rib 2/sternal angle to T4/5

Answer 27

separates superior mediastinum from the other 3 parts

Question 28

middle mediastinum holds

Answer 28

pericardial contents

Question 29

anterior mediastinum located

Answer 29

below sternal angle and in front of the middle mediastinum/pericardium

Question 30

posterior mediastinum located

Answer 30

- Below sternal angle and posterior to the pericardium

Question 31

lobes of lungs

Answer 31

- Right has 3 lobes, left has 2

Question 32

lung lobes defined by

Answer 32

fissures

Question 33

lung fissures

Answer 33

- Right has 2 fissures (horizontal and oblique), left has 1 (oblique)

Question 34

visceral layer of the pericardium

Answer 34

attached to the heart and vessels

Question 35

visceral layer of the pluera

Answer 35

attached to the lungs

Question 36

parietal layer of the pericardium

Answer 36

attached to the vertebrae, sternum, diaphragm, pleura

Question 37

parietal layer of the pleura

Answer 37

attached to chest wall, pericardium, diaphragm

Question 38

3 major structures passing through the diaphragm

Answer 38

inferior vena cava (IVC) oesophagus aorta

Question 39

auricles face

Answer 39

anteriorly

Question 40

apex of the heart points

Answer 40

anteriorly and to the left

Question 41

Chordae tendinae

Answer 41

prevent the valve from prolapsing

Question 42

- Valves between ventricle and great arteries

Answer 42

Not at risk of prolapse - less pressure

Question 43

why ha left heart got thicker muscle

Answer 43

- Left has to pump against pressure of all of the blood in the whole systemic circuit, needs more muscle

Question 44

vagus nerve

Answer 44

- Autonomic nerve - Recurrent laryngeal branch - Left recurs around aortic arch

Question 45

vasa vasorum

Answer 45

capillary beds all over it - usually arteries

Question 46

connective tissue around arteries

Answer 46

usually circumferential

Question 47

vein connective tissue

Answer 47

randomised

Question 48

nerve connective tissue

Answer 48

longitudinal