head and neck

Question 1

frontonasal process

Answer 1

olfactory fits surrounded by nasal process

Question 2

maxillary process

Answer 2

squeezes nasal processes together
drags optic cups to face forward
doesn’t fuse in the midline
fuses to form the palate

Question 3

mandibular process

Answer 3

fuses in the midline

Question 4

cleft lip

Answer 4

maxillary process fails to meet the frontonasal process in the centre of the lip

Question 5

oblique facial cleft

Answer 5

occurs along the line of the lacrimal duct

top of the maxillary process doesn’t fuse to the frontonasal process

Question 6

cleft chin

Answer 6

mandible doesn’t fuse from below

Question 7

cleft palate

Answer 7

involving frontonasal and maxillary or just maxillary - deferent ways

Question 8

nuerocranium

Answer 8

brain case with capsules for special senses

Question 9

vertebrae grow in response to

Answer 9

notochord

Question 10

cartilage around the notochord is from

Answer 10

occipital somites

Question 11

occipital somites make

Answer 11

extraoccular muscles

extrinsic tongue

Question 12

extraoccular muscle nerve supply

Answer 12

oculomotor, abducens, trochlear

Question 13

extrinsic tongue supply

Answer 13

hypoglassal nerve

Question 14

parts that grow with special sensory nerves

Answer 14

nasal, optic, and otic capsules

Question 15

nasal capsule nerve

Answer 15

olfactory nerve

Question 16

optic capsule nerve

Answer 16

optic nerve

Question 17

otic capsule nerve

Answer 17

vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 18

viscerocranium

Answer 18

lower face mouth and pharynx

Question 19

pharyngeal arches form

Answer 19

maxilla, mandible, ear ossicles , hyoid bone and laryngeal cartilages

Question 20

first arch relates to

Answer 20

maxilla and mandible

males and incus

Question 21

first arch nerve

Answer 21

Trigeminal

Question 22

2nd arch

Answer 22

stapes bone

Question 23

2nd arch nerve

Answer 23

facial nerve

Question 24

3rd arch nerve

Answer 24

glossopharyngeal

Question 25

4th arch nerve

Answer 25

vagus

Question 26

6th arch nerve

Answer 26

vagus or spinal accessory

Question 27

5th arch cartilage

Answer 27

transient - doesn't really exist heaps

Question 28

2nd arch cartilage

Answer 28

upper part of hyoid body and lesser horn

Question 29

3rd arch cartilage

Answer 29

lower hyoid body and greater horn

Question 30

4th arch cartilage

Answer 30

laryngeal cartilages

Question 31

6th arch cartilage

Answer 31

cricoid probably

Question 32

1st arch does

Answer 32

sensory - each facial process has a branch of the trigeminal nerve supplying overlying skin, mucous membranes, nose and mouth and tongue motor - muscles of mastication

Question 33

2nd arch does

Answer 33

sensory - taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue and skin of the ear motor - muscles of facial expression

Question 34

3rd arch does

Answer 34

sensory - taste for posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, carotid sinus, middle ear motor - stylopharyngess

Question 35

4th arch does

Answer 35

sensory - larynx, skin of ear | motor - palate, larynx, pharynx

Question 36

external ear

Answer 36

continuous with the tympanic membrane

Question 37

middle ear

Answer 37

extension of the nasopharynx auditory tube meets the inside of the tympanic membrane has malleus, incus and stapes

Question 38

inner ear

Answer 38

invagination of SE from otic placode | gives rise to cochlear and vestibular apparatus

Question 39

cochlear and vestibular apparatus connected by

Answer 39

endolymph canals

Question 40

structural mechanism of sound in the ear

Answer 40

1. Sounds wave hits tympanic membrane 2. Resonates through the ossicles (malleus - incus - stapes) 3. Stapes drums on the oval window 4. Moves perilymph around cochlear 5. Connectes to scala tympani and helicotrema (cohclear apex) 6. Perilymph hits round window and perilymph reverts

Question 41

result of sound in the ear

Answer 41

○ Turbulence disrupts basement membrane or organ of corti in the cochlear duct § Resonant frequency of drumming determines pitch interpreted § Cochlear nerve afferent to brain for processing and interpretation

Question 42

§ 2 muscles helps keep amplitude reasonable

Answer 42

□ Tensor typani - tensions the tympanic membrane | □ Stadedius - pulls tension on stapes to tension oval window

Question 43

linear accelerations detected by

Answer 43

utricle and saccule

Question 44

utricle detects

Answer 44

side to side

Question 45

saccule detects

Answer 45

up and down

Question 46

movement is detected by

Answer 46

macula organs | hair in endolymph

Question 47

rotational accelerations

Answer 47

3 semicircular canals each along a different axis and at right angles to each other anterior posterior and lateral

Question 48

ampula

Answer 48

broadening at the end of th semicircle of the semicircular canals line of cells that detects movement of perilymph

Question 49

sense organ of the ampulla

Answer 49

Crista Ampularis | hair cells on semicircular canals

Question 50

lens of the eye

Answer 50

invagination of surface ectoderm

Question 51

retina

Answer 51

forebrain and vesicle outgrowth

Question 52

sclera and choroid

Answer 52

mesenchyme around the cup

Question 53

do you regenerate virtuous humour

Answer 53

no because part of the hyaloid artery get obliterated

Question 54

3 layers of the eyeball

Answer 54

sclera, choroid, retina

Question 55

the sclera

Answer 55

the white of the eye | filled with aqueous humour

Question 56

2 main parts of the choroid

Answer 56

iris, ciliary bodies

Question 57

iris

Answer 57

coloured part of the eye with pupil in the centre

Question 58

ciliary bodies

Answer 58

produce aqueous humour

Question 59

ciliary muscles

Answer 59

for accomodation

Question 60

blind spot

Answer 60

optic disk - part where there are no retinal cells sensing an image