Limbs 1

Question 1

pre axial border

Answer 1

thumb line/ big toe

Question 2

post axial border

Answer 2

pinky line/ pinky toe

Question 3

development of the mammalian upper limb

Answer 3

1. Lateral rotation
   - Thumb faces the back (dorsum)
   § Dorsal muscles behind/ventral muscles in front
   
   2. Adduction
      
      • Brings the limb under the trunk
        § Dorsal muscles remain behind the limb
   3. Extension
      
      • Stand on hindlimb, so upper limbs hangs at side
      • Anatomical position - undoes the final mammalian rotation
        `

Question 4

primitive dorsal evevators of the upper fin become

Answer 4

extensors of the limb

Question 5

primitive ventral depressors of the upper fin become

Answer 5

flexors of the limb

Question 6

mammalian hind limb rotations

Answer 6

1. Medial rotation - opposite to forelimb
   - The big toe - hallux faces the belly side
   
   2. Adduction - brings the limb under the body
      
      • Dorsal muscles anterior
      • Ventral muscles posterior
   3. Extension
      
      • At the hip to be in line with the upright trunk
        § We are not born this way

Question 7

primitive Dorsal elevators of hind fin become

Answer 7

anterior flexors and lateral abductors of the hip

Question 8

primitive Ventral depressors of fin become

Answer 8

posterior extensors and medial adductors of the hip

Question 9

dorsal muscles in upper limb attach to

Answer 9

true scapula or vertebral column

Question 10

ventral muscles in. the upper limb attach to

Answer 10

coracoid process, supreglenoid tubercle, clavicle, ribs or sternum

Question 11

dorsal muscles of the hind limb attach to

Answer 11

sacrum or ilium

Question 12

ventral muscles of the hind limb attach to

Answer 12

pubis or ischium

Question 13

the limb is an extension of

Answer 13

somatopleure/body wall

Question 14

somatopleure develops into

Answer 14

everything in the limb except for the skeletal muscle

Question 15

3 components of somites

Answer 15

sclerotome, myotome, dermatome

Question 16

dermatomes and myotomes exist as

Answer 16

dermamyotomes - fused

Question 17

dermamyotomes split in half

Answer 17

epimere (dorsal) and hypomere (ventral)

Question 18

epimere forms the

Answer 18

dorsal half

dermis and muscle

Question 19

hypomere forms the

Answer 19

ventral half

only gives muscle

Question 20

dermatomes meaning in adults

Answer 20

• Area of skin and muscle supplied by segmented spinal nerves

Question 21

migration of myotomes

Answer 21

§ A segmented spinal nerve will adhere to a myotome and migrate with it
§ To do with innervation, not dermis

Question 22

dorsal compartments house

Answer 22

extensors

Question 23

ventral compartments house

Answer 23

flexors