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Regional Gross Anatomy > Region 8 - Hip, Thigh, Gluteal region and Knee > Flashcards

Region 8 - Hip, Thigh, Gluteal region and Knee Flashcards

1
Q

How does the sciatic nerve and the gluteal vessels and nerve transition from the pelvis to the lower limb?

A

Via greater sciatic foramen

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2
Q

How does the femoral nerve and vessels transition from the pelvis to the lower limb?

A

Via subinguinal space

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3
Q

How does the fobturator nerve and vessels transition from the pelvis to the lower limb?

A

Obturator canal

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4
Q

What are the root values for the femoral nerve?

A

Posterior divisions of anterior rami L2-L4

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5
Q

What compartment does the femoral nerve supply?

A

Anterior thigh

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6
Q

What are the root values for the obturator nerve?

A

Anterior divisions of anterior rami L2-L4

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7
Q

What compartment does the obturator nerve supply?

A

Medial thigh

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8
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein start? What forms it?

A

Dorsum of foot
Formed from union of:
- Dorsal vein of great toe
- Dorsal venous arch of the foot

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9
Q

What is the course of the great saphenous vein?

A

Ascends:
- Anterior to medial malleolus
- Along anteromedial leg
Passes posterior to medial condyle of femur
Ascends along medial thigh
Transverse saphenous opening in fascia lata
Empties into femoral vein

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10
Q

What veins can drain into the great saphenous vein?

A

Accessory saphenous vein (may or may not be present)

Some anastomoses with small saphenous vein

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11
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein form? What forms it?

A

Posterolateral ankle

Dorsal venous arch

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12
Q

What is the course of the short saphenous vein?

A 
Ascends posterior to lateral malleolus
Ascends in midline of posterior leg
Penetrates deep fascia
Ascends between heads of gastrocnemius
Empties into popliteal vein
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13
Q

What nerve does the short saphenous vein run alongside?

A

Sural nerve

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14
Q

What do the medial nodes of the horizontal group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain?

A

Anterior abdominal wall

Lower half of anal canal

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15
Q

What do the lateral nodes of the horizontal group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain?

A

Posterior abdominal wall

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16
Q

What does the vertical group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain?

A

Superficial lower limb

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17
Q

What is the name for the deep fascia of the thigh?

A

Fascia lata

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18
Q

What is the name for the deep fascia of the leg?

A

Crural fascia

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19
Q

What is the iliotibial tract?

A

Lateral thickening of fascia lata

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20
Q

What is the course of the iliotibial tract?

A

From iliac tubercle

To anterolateral tibial tubercle

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21
Q

What are the functions of the iliotibial tract?

A

Shared aponeurosis for insertion of:
- Tensor fascia lata
- Gluteus maximus
Supports femur on tibia when standing

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22
Q

What structures form the roof of the femoral triangle?

A

Fascia lata
Cribriform fascia
Subcutaneous tissue
Skin

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23
Q

What is the saphenous hiatus/opening?

A

An opening in the fascia lata that allows the great saphenous vein to drain into the femoral vein

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24
Q

What is the structure of the saphenous hiatus?

A

Lies ~4cm inferolateral to pubic tubercle
Smooth medial margin
Superior, lateral and inferior margin is the falciform margin
Covered by cribriform fascia

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25
What forms the base of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
26
What forms the lateral and medial boundaries of the femoral triangle?
Lateral - Sartorius | Medial - Adductor longus
27
What forms the floor of the femoral triangle?
Iliopsoas (laterally) | Pectineus (medially)
28
What are the contents of the femoral triangle from lateral to medial?
``` Femoral: - Nerve - Artery - Vein Lymphatics ```
29
What is the femoral sheath?
A fascia surrounding the vascular structures and lymphatics in the femoral triangle Does NOT surround the femoral nerve
30
Where does the femoral sheath lie?
Deep to inguinal ligament
31
What forms the femoral sheath?
Inferior prolongation of the fasciae of: - Transversalis - Iliopsoas
32
How does the femoral sheath end?
Blends with the adventitia of femoral vessels
33
What is the femoral canal?
A potential space medially within the femoral sheath
34
What are the contents of the femoral canal?
Lymphatics | Fat
35
What is the function of the femoral canal?
Allows venous expansion when: - Increased lower limb venous return - Increased intra-abdominal pressure causes femoral vein stasis
36
What are the clinical implications of a femoral canal?
Femoral hernia: | - Abdominal viscerae herniate through femoral ring into femoral canal
37
What is the bony landmark lying inferior to the lesser trochanter on the posterior femur?
Pectineal line
38
What bony feature lies between the femoral trochanters on the anterior and posterior aspects of the femur?
Anterior - Intertrochanteric line | Posterior - Intertrochanteric crest
39
What 'line' runs along the posterior femur?
Linea aspera
40
What does the linea aspera divide into distally?
Medial and lateral supracondylar lines
41
What muscles of the anterior thigh are the hip flexors?
Iliacus Psoas major Pectineus Sartorius
42
What are the origins of iliacus?
Iliac crest and fossa Ala of sacrum Anterior sacroiliac ligaments
43
What are the insertions of iliacus?
Psoas major tendon | Lesser trochanter
44
What is the innervation to iliacus?
Femoral nerve L2-L3
45
What are the origins of psoas major?
T12-L5 vertebral bodies and IV discs | All lumbar transverse processes
46
What is the insertion of iliacus?
Lesser trochanter of femur
47
What is the innervation to psoas major?
Anterior rami of L1-L3
48
Where does pectineus originate?
Superior ramus of pubis
49
Where does pectineus insert?
Pectineal line of femur
50
What is the innervation to pectineus?
``` Femoral nerve (L2-L3) (Sometimes branch from obturator nerve) ```
51
What are the functions of pectineus?
Adducts hip Flexes hip Medially rotates hip
52
What is the origin of sartorius?
ASIS
53
Where does sartorius insert?
Superior part of medial surface of tibia
54
What is the innervation to sartorius?
Femoral nerve (L2-L3)
55
What are the functions of sartorius?
Abducts hip Flexes hip Laterally rotates hip Flexes knee
56
What are the origins of rectus femoris?
AIIS | Ilium superior to acetabulum
57
What are the origins of vastus lateralis?
Greater trochanter | Lateral lip of linea aspera
58
What are the origins of vastus medialis?
Intertrochanteric line | Medial lip of linea aspera
59
What are the origins of vastus intermedius?
Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
60
What are the insertions of the four quadriceps muscles?
Base of patella: - Via quadriceps tendon Indirectly to tibial tuberosity via continuation as patellar ligament
61
What are the functions of the quadriceps muscles?
``` All - Extend the knee Rectus femoris: - Flexes hip - Steadies hip joint Vastus medialis: - Distal fibres act to prevent lateral patellar dislocation ```
62
What is the innervation to the quadriceps muscles?
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
63
What is the pelvic course of the femoral nerve?
Originates with psoas major | Descends posterolaterally in the pelvis to midpoint of inguinal ligament
64
What is the course of the femoral nerve as it leaves the pelvis?
Deep to inguinal ligament into femoral triangle Medial to ASIS On iliopsoas tendon Lateral to femoral vessels
65
What are the branches of the femoral nerve?
``` Muscular branches -> Anterior thigh Articular branches -> Hip and knee Cutaneous branches -> Anteromedial thigh Saphenous nerves: - Cutaneous branch to anteromedial knee, leg and foot ```
66
What is the course of the saphenous nerve?
Passes through adductor canal | Becomes superficial by passing between sartorius and gracilis
67
What are the medial thigh muscles?
Hip adductors: - Gracilis - Adductor longus, brevis and magnus Obturator externus
68
What are the origins of gracilis?
Body of pubis | Inferior ramus of pubis
69
What is the insertion of gracilis?
Superior part of the medial surface of the tibia
70
What is the innervation to gracilis?
Obturator nerve (L2-L3)
71
What are the functions of gracilis?
Adducts hip Flexes knee (Also helps medially rotate hip)
72
What is the origin of adductor longus?
Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
73
What is the insertion of adductor longus?
Middle 1/3 of linea aspera
74
What is the innervation of adductor longus?
(Anterior division of) obturator nerve (L2-L4)
75
What is the function of adductor longus?
Adducts hip
76
What are the origins of adductor brevis?
Body of pubis | Inferior ramus of pubis
77
What are the insertions of adductor brevis?
Pectineal line | Proximal part of linea aspera
78
What is the innervation to adductor brevis?
(Anterior division of) obturator nerve (L2-L4)
79
What are the functions of adductor brevis?
Adducts hip | Assists in flexing hip
80
What are the origins of adductor magnus?
``` Adductor part: - Inferior ramus of pubis - Ramus of ischium Hamstrings part: - Ischial tuberosity ```
81
What are the insertions of adductor magnus?
``` Adductor part: - Gluteal tuberosity - Linea aspera - Medial supracondylar line Hamstring part: - Adductor tubercle of femur ```
82
What is the innervation to adductor magnus?
Adductor part: - (Posterior division of) obturator nerve (L2-L4) Hamstrings part: - Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)
83
What are the functions of adductor magnus?
Adducts thigh Adductor part also flexes hip Hamstring part also extends hip
84
What are the origins of obturator externus?
Margins of obturator foramen | External surface of obturator membrane
85
What is the insertion of obturator externus?
Trochanteric fossa of femur
86
What is the innervation to obturator externus?
Obturator nerve (L3-L4)
87
What are the functions of obturator externus?
Laterally rotates thigh | Steadies head of femur in acetabulum
88
What are the root values of the obturator nerve?
Anterior rami of L2-L4
89
What is the course of the obturator nerve?
Runs in extraperitoneal fat along lateral pelvic wall to the obturator canal (In obturator membrane)
90
What does the obturator nerve branch into?
Anterior and posterior branches relative to adductor brevis Muscular branches -> Medial thigh Cutaneous branch of ant. division -> Middle part of medial thigh
91
What is the alternative name for the adductor canal?
Subsartorial canal
92
What is the extent of the adductor canal?
Extends from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
93
What muscle does the adductor canal underlie?
Distal 1/2 of sartorius
94
What are the boundaries of adductor canal?
``` Medial - Sartorius (also forms roof) Anterolateral - Vastus medialis Posterior: - Adductor longus - Adductor magnus ```
95
What are the contents of the adductor canal?
Femoral vessels | Saphenous nerve
96
What is the adductor hiatus?
Opening between distal insertions of adductor and hamstring parts of adductor magnus
97
What is the function of adductor hiatus?
Allows passage of femoral vessels from anterior thigh to popliteal fossa
98
Why doesn't the saphenous nerve pass through the adductor hiatus?
It passes through sartorius to the anteromedial knee, leg and foot
99
Where does the femoral artery begin?
It is a continuation of external iliac artery after inguinal ligament
100
Where does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?
Adductor hiatus
101
What does the femoral artery supply?
Anterior and anteromedial thigh
102
What surface of the femoral artery does profunda femoris originate from?
Lateral or posterior surface
103
Where does profunda femoris run?
Deep to adductor longus
104
What are the branches of profunda femoris?
3 or 4 perforating branches through adductor magnus | Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
105
Where does the obturator artery arise?
From internal iliac artery
106
What does the anterior division of the obturator artery supply?
Medial compartment
107
What does the posterior division of the obturator artery supply? Why?
Posterior compartment and adductor magnus | All attach to ischial tuberosity
108
What arteries contribute to the cruciate anastomosis?
Inferior gluteal Medial circumflex femoral Lateral circumflex femoral 1st perforating branch of profunda femoris
109
Where is the cruciate anastomosis?
Upper posterior thigh
110
What is the angle of inclination of the femur?
Angle between: - Long axis of head and neck of femur - Long axis of shaft
111
What is the value for the angle of inclination of femur?
~120 degrees
112
Why is the angle of inclination of the femur smaller in females?
Wider pelvis means long axis of shaft of femur begins more laterally
113
What is the angle of anteversion/torsion of the femur?
Head angled anteriorly to femoral condyles
114
What is the value for the angle of anteversion/torsion of the femur?
12 degrees
115
What muscles in the gluteal region are lateral rotators of the hip?
``` Gluteus maximus Piriformis Obturator internus Gemelli Quadratus femoris ```
116
What muscles in the gluteal region are medial rotators and abductors of the hip?
Gluteus medius | Gluteus minimus
117
What muscle in the gluteal region acts as support?
Tensor fasciae latae
118
What are the origins of gluteus maximus?
Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line (external surface) Sacrum (and coccyx) Sacrotuberous ligament
119
What are the insertions of gluteus maximus?
Iliotibial tract: - Most fibres (~3/4) -> Lateral condyle of tibia Gluteal tuberosity of femur (1/4)
120
What is the innervation to gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
121
What are the functions of gluteus maximus?
``` Extends thigh (especially if flexed) Assists in lateral rotation of hip ```
122
What are the origins of tensor fascia lata?
Anterior iliac crest | ASIS
123
What is the insertion of tensor fascia lata?
Iliotibial tract: | - To the lateral condyle of tibia
124
What is the innervation to tensor fascia lata?
Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
125
What are the functions of tensor fascia lata?
Tenses fascia lata and iliotibial tract | Supports femur on tibia when standing
126
What is the origin of gluteus medius?
Ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines (external surface)
127
What is the insertion of gluteus medius?
Lateral surface of greater trochanter
128
What is the innervation to gluteus medius?
Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
129
What are the functions of gluteus medius?
Abducts hip | Medially rotates hip
130
What is the origins of gluteus minimus?
Ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines (external surface)
131
Where does gluteus minimus insert?
Anterior surface of greater trochanter
132
What is the innervation to gluteus minimus?
Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
133
What are the functions of gluteus minimus?
Abducts hip | Medially rotates hip
134
What are the origins of piriformis?
Anterior sacrum | Sacrotuberous ligament
135
What is the insertion of piriformis?
Superior border of greater trochanter
136
What is the innervation to piriformis?
Nerve to piriformis (anterior rami S1-S2)
137
What are the functions of piriformis?
Lateral rotation of hip (when extended) | [Abducts hip (when flexed)]
138
What are the origins of obturator internus?
Pelvic (internal) surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
139
What is the insertion of obturator internus?
Medial surface of greater trochanter -> Trochanteric fossa (via lesser sciatic foramen)
140
What is the innervation to obturator internus?
Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)
141
What are the functions of obturator internus?
``` Laterally rotates hip Abducts hip (when flexed) ```
142
What are the origins of the gemelli muscles?
Superior gemellus: - Ischial spine Inferior gemellus: - Ischial tuberosity
143
What are the insertions of the gemelli muscles?
Medial surface of greater trochanter (blend with obturator internus tendon)
144
What is the innervation to the gemelli muscles?
Superior gemellus: - Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1) Inferior gemellus: - Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)
145
What is the function of the gemelli muscles?
Laterally rotate hip
146
What is the origin of quadratus femoris??
Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
147
What are the insertions of quadratus femoris?
Quadrate tubercle of intertrochanteric crest and an area inferior to it on femur
148
What is the innervation to quadratus femoris?
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)
149
What is the function of quadratus femoris?
Laterally rotate hip
150
Where does obturator externus originate?
External obturator membrane
151
What is the insertion of obturator externus?
Trochanteric fossa
152
What is the innervation to obturator externus?
Obturator nerve (L3-L4)
153
What is the function of obturator externus?
Laterally rotates hip
154
Where do the branches of the sciatic nerve leave?
``` Tibial division BELOW piriformis Common fibular division can leave: - Below piriformis - Above piriformis - Through piriformis ```
155
What is the course of the superior gluteal vessels and nerves?
Leave greater sciatic foramen above piriformis | Course laterally in plane between gluteus medius and minimus
156
What is the course of the inferior gluteal vessels and nerves?
Leave greater sciatic foramen below piriformis | Course deep to inferior part of gluteus maximus
157
What are the root values of the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh?
Anterior and posterior rami of S1-S3
158
Where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh lie in relation to the sciatic nerve?
On its posterior surface
159
What is the cutaneous distribution of the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh?
Inferior 1/2 of buttocks (via inferior cluneal nerves) Posterior thigh and popliteal fossa Lateral perineum and upper medial thigh (via perineal branch)
160
What is the pelvic articular surface of the hip joint known as?
Lunate surface of acetabulum
161
What lies in the middle of the pelvic part of the hip joint?
Fat pad in acetabular fossa
162
What lies around the rim of the pelvic articular surface of the hip joint?
Acetabular labrum
163
What structure courses between the two ends of the pelvic surface of the acetabulum? What does it bridge?
Transverse acetabular ligament | Bridges acetabular notch
164
What are the proximal attachments of the fibrous layer of the hip joint capsule?
Just peripheral to acetabular rim | Transverse acetabular ligament
165
What are the distal attachments of the fibrous layer of the hip joint capsule?
Anteriorly: - Along intertrochanteric line and root of greater trochanter Posteriorly: - Just proximal to intertrochanteric crest (NOT on it)
166
Where does the iliofemoral ligament lie in relation to the hip joint?
Anteriorly | Superiorly
167
What is the shape of the iliofemoral ligament?
Y-shaped
168
What are the proximal attachments of the iliofemoral ligament?
ASIS | Acetabular rim
169
What is the distal attachment of the iliofemoral ligament?
Intertrochanteric line
170
What are the bands of the iliofemoral ligament?
Upper | Lower
171
What are the functions of the iliofemoral ligament?
Act to limit: - Extension - Lateral rotation - Adduction (upper band) - Abduction (lower band)
172
Where does the pubofemoral ligament lie in relation to the hip joint?
Anteriorly | Inferiorly
173
What is the proximal attachment of the pubofemoral ligament?
Iliopubic eminence
174
What is the distal attachment of the pubofemoral ligament?
Lower intertrochanteric line (blends with joint capsule)
175
What are the functions of the pubofemoral ligament?
Acts to limit: - Extension - Lateral rotation - Abduction
176
Where does the ischiofemoral ligament lie in relation to the hip joint?
Posteriorly
177
What is the proximal attachment of the ischiofemoral ligament?
Ischial spine | Posterior acetabular rim
178
What is the course of the ischiofemoral ligament?
Spirals superolaterally to medial aspect of greater trochanter
179
What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament?
Acts to limit: - Extension - Medial rotation - Adduction
180
What is the blood supply to the hip joint?
Profunda femoris artery: - Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries Artery to head of femur
181
What is the course of the artery to head of femur?
Arises from obturator artery | Runs in ligament to head of femur
182
What are the hamstring muscles?
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris
183
What are the functions of the hamstring muscles?
Extend hip | Flex knee
184
What is the origin of semitendinosus?
Ischial tuberosity
185
What is the insertion of semitendinosus?
Medial surface of superior part of tibia
186
What is the innervation to semitendinosus?
Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
187
What is the origin of semimembranosus?
Ischial tuberosity
188
What is the insertion of semimembranosus?
Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
189
What is the innervation to semimembranosus?
Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
190
What are the origins of biceps femoris?
``` Long head: - Ischial tuberosity Short head: - Linea aspera - Lateral supracondylar line of femur ```
191
What is the insertion of biceps femoris?
Lateral side of the head of fibula
192
What splits the common tendon of biceps femoris?
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
193
What is the innervation to biceps femoris?
Long head: - Tibial nerve (L5-S2) Short head: - Common fibular nerve (L5-S2)
194
What muscle can laterally rotate knee when flexed?
Biceps femoris
195
What muscles can medially rotate knee when flexed?
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gracilis Sartorius
196
Where does the sciatic nerve run in the gluteal and posterior thigh regions?
Deep to gluteus maximus and biceps femoris
197
Where does the sciatic nerve bifurcate?
Apex of popliteal fossa
198
What forms the roof (posterior boundary) of the popliteal fossa?
Skin Subcutaneous tissue Deep fascia
199
What pierces the deep fascia of the popliteal fossa?
Short saphenous vein | Sural nerve
200
What structures form the superior border of the popliteal fossa?
Superolaterally - Biceps femoris Superomedially: - Semimembranosus - Semitendinosus (more lateral)
201
What structures form the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?
Inferolaterally: - Lateral head of gastrocnemius Inferomedially: - Medial head of gastrocnemius
202
What structures form the floor/anterior border of the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal surface of femur Capsule of knee joint Popliteus muscle
203
What structures are found at the floor of the popliteal fossa?
Oblique popliteal ligament: - Expansion of semimembranosus - Reinforces knee joint capsule Middle genicular vessels
204
What is the course of the middle genicular vessels?
Pierce joint capsule Supply: - ACL - PCL
205
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa from medial and deep to lateral and superficial?
Popliteal artery Popliteal vein (and termination of short saphenous vein) Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve
206
Where does the popliteal artery run from and to?
From adductor hiatus | To inferior border of popliteus
207
What are the 5 genicular branches of the popliteal artery?
``` Medial superior Medial inferior Lateral superior Lateral inferior Middle ```
208
What is the function of the genicular branches of the popliteal artery?
Form the genicular anastomosis: | - Maintain blood supply to leg when flexed as flexing the knee can kink the popliteal artery
209
What are the terminal branches of the popliteal artery?
Anterior tibial artery | Posterior tibial artery
210
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Modified synovial hinge joint
211
What are the articulations of the knee joint?
Femoropatellar | Femorotibial (x2)
212
What does the fibrous capsule of the knee joint fuse with anteriorly?
Quadriceps tendon Patella Ligamentum patellae
213
What is the structure of the fibrous capsule of the knee joint posteriorly?
Encloses intercondylar fossa of femur Open posterior to lateral tibial condyle: - Allows popliteus attachment
214
What muscles lie over the medial aspect of the knee? (From anterior to posterior)
Sartorius Semimembranosus and semitendinosus Gracilis
215
What are the attachments of the synovial membrane of the knee joint?
Periphery of articular cartilages of femoral and tibial condyles Infrapatellar synovial fold Medial and lateral alar folds: - Cover inner surface of fat pads on either side of patellar ligament
216
What bursae of the knee joint are in communication with synovial cavity of the knee joint?
Suprapatellar Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Popliteus
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What are the other bursae of the knee joint?
``` Subcutaneous prepatellar Subcutaneous infrapatellar Deep infrapatellar Anserine (medial): - Gracilis - Sartorius - Semitendinosus ```
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What are the extracapsular knee ligaments?
Oblique popliteal Arcuate popliteal LCL and MCL
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What are the intracapsular knee ligaments?
ACL | PCL
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What is the oblique popliteal ligament and what does it do?
Expansion of semimembranosus tendon | Reinforces posterior knee capsule
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What is the arcuate ligament and what does it do?
Thickening of capsule over popliteus | Strengthens posterolateral joint capsule
222
What is the origin of the MCL?
Medial epicondyle of femur
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What are the insertions of the MCL?
Medial condyle of tibia Superior medial surface of tibia Medial meniscus (via deep fibres)
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What is the origin of the LCL?
Lateral epicondyle of femur
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What is the insertion of the LCL?
Lateral head of fibula
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What muscles are related to LCL?
Tendon of popliteus lies deep to it | Tendon of biceps femoris divides in 2 around it
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What is the function of the cruciate ligaments?
Maintain contact between femoral and tibial articular surfaces when the knee is flexed Wind around each other during medial tibial rotation: - Limit it to 10 degrees
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What cruciate ligament is the stronger of the two?
PCL
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What is the origin of PCL?
Posterior intercondylar area of tibia
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What is the course and insertion of the PCL?
Passes anterosuperiorly | Inserts on anterolateral surface of medial femoral condyle
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What are the functions of the PCL?
``` Prevents femur sliding anteriorly on tibia (especially on flexion) Limits flexion (anterolateral band) Limits extension (posteromedial band) ```
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Where does ACL originate?
Anterior intercondylar area of tibia
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What is the course and insertion of ACL?
Extends superiorly, posteriorly and laterally | Inserts on posteromedial surface of lateral femoral condyle by spiralling 110 degrees
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What are the functions of ACL?
Prevents femur sliding posteriorly on tibia Limits medial rotation of femur when foot planted Limits flexion (anteromedial band) Limits extension (posterolateral band)
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What are the menisci?
Wedges of fibrocartilage
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What are the functions of the menisci?
Deepen articular surface | Shock absorption
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What are the features of the medial meniscus?
C-shaped Broad posteriorly Firmly attached to MCL
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What are the features of the lateral meniscus?
Circular Freely moveable Attachment for popliteus
239
What is the blood supply to the knee?
5 genicular branches from popliteal artery Descending genicular artery from femoral artery Descending branch from circumflex femoral artery Recurrent branches from anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Regional Gross Anatomy (14 decks)

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