Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Regional Gross Anatomy > Region 13 - Orbit, Nasal cavity and Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Region 13 - Orbit, Nasal cavity and Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What bone forms the superior border of the base (orbital margin) of the orbit?

A

Frontal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What bone forms the inferior border of the base (orbital margin) of the orbit?

A

Maxilla

Zygomatic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What bone forms the medial border of the base (orbital margin) of the orbit?

A

Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What bone forms the lateral border of the base (orbital margin) of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic bone

Greater wing of sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What bones form the superior wall of the orbit?

A

Frontal bone

Lesser wing of sphenoid (near apex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What bones form the inferior wall of the orbit?

A

Maxilla (mainly)
Zygomatic bone
Palatine bone:
- In wall of inferior orbital fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What bones form the medial wall of the orbit?

A 
Orbital plate of ethmoid bone
Contributions from:
- Maxilla
- Lacrimal bone
- Sphenoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What bones form the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Frontal process of zygomatic bone

Greater wing of sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What structure demarcates the border between the inferior and lateral walls of the orbit?

A

Inferior orbital fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the strongest wall of the orbit and why?

A

Lateral wall

Most exposed to trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the apex of the orbit?

A

At the optic canal in the lesser wing of sphenoid:

- Medial to superior orbital fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the contents of the orbit?

A 
Eyeball
Fat and connective tissues
Extraocular muscles
Nerves and blood vessels
Most of the lacrimal apparatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the tarsal plates?

A

Dense bands of connective tissue strengthening the upper and lower eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do the fibres of the palpebral portion of orbicularis oculi lie in relation to the tarsal plates?

A

In the connective tissue superficial to the tarsi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the tarsal glands in the tarsal plates secrete and what is its purpose?

A

Lipid secretion:

  • Prevents eyelids sticking together when closes
  • Forms a barrier that lacrimal fluid cannot cross
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are the tarsal plates joined to the orbital margins?

A

Medial palpebral ligament

Lateral palpebral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What ligament is the origin of orbicularis oculi?

A

Medial palpebral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the orbital septum span between?

A

From tarsi to the orbital margins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the orbital septum continuous with?

A

Periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the orbital septum?

A

Keeps orbital fat pad contained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the course of the medial check ligament?

A

From medial rectus

To lacrimal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the course of the lateral check ligament?

A

From lateral rectus

To zygomatic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the check ligaments of the eye?

A

Limit abduction and adduction of eyeball by resisting pull of medial and lateral recti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the name of the ‘sling’ formed by the check ligaments blending with the fascia of the inferior oblique and inferior rectus muscles?

A

Suspensory ligament of the eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the eyeball?

A

Supports eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How can the outer layer of the eyeball be described?

A

Fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Describe the sclera.

A 
Tough and opaque
Covers posterior 5/6 of eyeball
Provides attachment for:
- Intraocular muscles
- Extraocular muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Describe the cornea.

A 
Transparent
Covers anterior 1/6 of eyeball
Completely avascular
Highly sensitive to touch:
- CN V1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How can the middle layer of the eyeball be described?

A

Vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Describe the choroid.

A 
Largest part (lines most of sclera)
Dark and highly pigmented
Vascular bed lies externally in choroid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the ciliary body?

A

A ring-like thickening of the vascular middle layer of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does the ciliary body lie posterior to?

A

Corneoscleral juntion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What type of muscle is the ciliary body?

A

Smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does the ciliary body control the thickness of? How?

A

Contraction and relaxation of its smooth muscle controls thickness of the lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where are the ciliary processes? What do they do?

A

On internal surface of ciliary body

Secrete aqueous humour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Where is the iris found?

A

On anterior surface of lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the pupil?

A

A central aperture of the iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the inner layer of the eyeball?

A

Retina:

- A sensory neural layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Why is the optic disc the ‘blind spot’?

A

No photosensitive cells found here:

- Sensory fibres of CN II and central artery of retina travel out of/into eye here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Where does the macula lutea lie?

A

Lateral to optic disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the macula lutea?

A

An area with a high concentration of cone cells:

  • High visual acuity
  • AKA the fovea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What fluid fills the anterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Aqueous humour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the anterior segment of the eyeball divided into?

A

Anterior chamber:
- Between cornea and iris
Posterior chamber:
- Between iris and ciliary body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the route of flow of aqueous humour?

A

Produced in posterior chamber of anterior segment
Passes through pupil
Enters anterior chamber of anterior segment
Drains into scleral venous sinus at corneoscleral junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Describe the vitreous humour

A

Embryological
Transparent
Jelly-like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the function of the vitreous humour?

A

Fills the posterior segment of the eyeball

Supports retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the function of the intraocular muscles?

A

Control size of pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

How are the fibres of the dilator pupillae arranged?

A

Radially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the function of the dilator pupillae?

A

Increase diameter of pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the innervation of dilator pupillae?

A

SNS controlled:

- Nerve fibres on ophthalmic branch of ICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

How are the fibres of the sphincter pupillae arranged?

A

Circularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is the function of the sphincter pupillae?

A

Decrease diameter of pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the innervation of sphincter pupillae?

A

PNS controlled:

- Nerve fibres from CN III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

How do PNS fibres reach the intraocular (sphincter pupillae) muscle?

A

ENter the ciliary ganglion and reach iris via the short ciliary nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

How do SNS fibres reach the intraocular (dilator pupillae) muscle?

A

Travel with nasociliary branch of CN V1 and its long ciliary nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is the ciliary muscle?

A

A ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

How does the ciliary muscle behave in the absence of nervous stimulation? What does this cause?

A

Muscle is relaxed:

  • Diameter of muscular ring increases
  • Zonular fibres under tension
  • Lens stretched and is thinner
  • Refracts light for distant vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

How does the ciliary muscle behave in the presence of PNS stimulation? What does this cause?

A

Muscle contracts:

  • Diameter of muscular ring decreases
  • Zonular fibres relax
  • Lens thickens as less stretched
  • Refracts light for near vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is the process by which light is refracted for near vision?

A

Accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What innervates the ciliary muscle?

A

PNS stimulation from CN III:

- Via short ciliary nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What is the origin and insertion of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

From orbital roof

To upper eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the recti muscles?

A 
From annular ring
To sclera (anterior to equator)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the superior oblique?

A 
From lesser wing of sphenoid
To sclera (posterior to equator)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the inferior oblique?

A 
From anterior floor of orbit
To sclera (posterior to equator)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Why can the eye muscles move eyes in more than one direction?

A

Due to difference between the optical axis and axis of orbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is the angle between the axis of each orbit?

A

45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What is the angle between the lateral walls of each orbit?

A

90 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Why is the lateral side of the eyeball more exposed?

A

The medial wall extends further anteriorly than the lateral wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What is the optical axis?

A

A line passing through the point in the lens at which no refraction will occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What is the innervation to the extraocular muscles?

A 
Oculomotor nerve:
- Levator palpebrae superioris
- Superior rectus
- Medial rectus
- Inferior rectus
- Inferior oblique
Trochlear nerve:
- Superior oblique
Abducent nerve:
- Lateral rectus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What are the functions of superior rectus?

A

Elevation
Adduction
Intorsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What are the functions of inferior rectus?

A

Depression
Adduction
Extorsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What is the function of medial rectus?

A

Adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What is the function of lateral rectus?

A

Abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What are the functions of superior oblique?

A

Depression
Abduction
Intorsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What are the functions of inferior oblique?

A

Elevation
Abduction
Extorsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Where does CN VI run in the cavernous dural venous sinus?

A

Through the middle

Close to ICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Where do CNs III, IV, V1 and V2 run in the cavernous dural venous sinus (from superior to inferior)?

A

In lateral wall of cavernous dural venous sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Where does the frontal branch of CN V1 lie?

A

Superior to eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What are the two branches of the frontal branch of CN V1 and where do they leave to enter onto the forehead?

A

Supraorbital nerve:
- Leaves via supraorbital notch
Supratrochlear nerve:
- Leaves medial to supraorbital nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

What are the functions of the lacrimal branch of CN V1?

A

Sensory to lacrimal gland

Carries PNS secretomotor fibres from pterygopalatine ganglion (greater petrosal nerve of CN VII)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

What does the nasociliary branch of CN V1 give sensory fibres to?

A

Ciliary ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What are the branches of the nasociliary nerve?

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

What does the superior division of CN III do?

A

Motor supply to:

  • Levator palpebrae superioris
  • Superior rectus
85
Q

What does the inferior division of CN III do?

A 
PNS to ciliary ganglion and via short ciliary nerves to:
- Ciliary muscle
- Sphincter pupillae
Motor supply to:
- Medial rectus
- Inferior rectus
- Inferior oblique
86
Q

How does the central artery of the retina reach the eye?

A

Arises inferior to CN II then pierces its sheath and runs within CN II to the eyeball

87
Q

What artery does the central artery of the retina arise from?

A

Ophthalmic artery

88
Q

What do the short posterior ciliary arteries supply?

A

Choroid

89
Q

What do the long posterior ciliary arteries supply?

A

Ciliary plexus:

  • Ciliary muscle
  • Iris
90
Q

How many short posterior ciliary arteries are there per eye?

A

6

91
Q

How many long posterior ciliary arteries are there per eye?

A

2

92
Q

What is the course of the long posterior ciliary arteries?

A

Pass between sclera and choroid
Anastomose with anterior ciliary arteries:
- From lacrimal artery

93
Q

What are the other branches of the ophthalmic artery>

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

94
Q

What veins drain to the superior ophthalmic vein?

A

Supraorbital vein

Vorticose veins

95
Q

What does the superior ophthalmic vein drain to?

A

Cavernous sinus

96
Q

What do the vorticose veins drain to mainly?

A

Inferior ophthalmic vein:

- Drains to pterygoid venous plexus

97
Q

Where does the facial vein drain?

A

Inferior ophthalmic vein

98
Q

Where does the lacrimal gland lie?

A

In fossa for lacrimal gland:

  • Superolaterally in orbit
  • In frontal bone
99
Q

What are the parts of the lacrimal gland?

A

Orbital (superior)

Palpebral (inferior)

100
Q

What is the route of flow of lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal gland?

A
  1. Fluid secreted into lateral part of superior conjunctival fornix
  2. Fluid flows inferiorly
  3. Fluid accumulates in lacrimal lake
  4. Drains through lacrimal puncta and lacrimal canaliculi
  5. Drains into lacrimal sac
  6. Fluid drains into inferior nasal meatus via nasolacrimal duct
101
Q

How do PNS fibres reach the lacrimal gland?

A

PNS fibres run in CN VII:

  • PNS fibres in greater petrosal nerve (presynaptic)
  • Joins deep petrosal nerve (SNS) from ICA plexus
  • PNS (and SNS) fibres in nerve of pterygoid canal
  • To pterygopalatine ganglion
  • Zygomatic nerve (CN V2) brings fibres to lacrimal nerve (CN V1)
102
Q

What is the arterial supply to the nasal cavity?

A 
From ophthalmic artery:
- Anterior ethmoidal artery
- Posterior ethmoidal artery
From maxillary artery:
- Sphenopalatine artery
- Greater palatine artery
From facial artery:
- Septal branch of superior labial artery
- Lateral nasal arteries
103
Q

What is the nerve supply to the external nose?

A

CN V1:
- Infratrochlear nerve = Skin lateral to root of nose
- External nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal nerve = Dorsum of nose
CN V2:
- Nasal branches of infraorbital nerve (alae)

104
Q

What is the nerve supply to the medial wall of the internal nose (nasal septum)?

A

Anterosuperiorly is CN V1:
- Anterior ethmoidal nerve
Posteroinferiorly is CN V2:
- Nasopalatine nerve

105
Q

What is the nerve supply to the lateral wall of the internal nose?

A

Anterosuperiorly is CN V1:
- Anterior ethmoidal nerve
Posteroinferiorly is CN V2:
- Branches of pterygopalatine ganglion

106
Q

What bones contribute to the bony part of the nasal septum?

A 
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone (superiorly)
Vomer bone (inferiorly)
Small contributions from:
- Palatine bone
- Maxilla
107
Q

What bones contribute to the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal bone (and frontal)
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone

108
Q

What bones contribute to the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Palatine process of maxilla (anteriorly)

Horizontal plates of palatine bones (posteriorly)

109
Q

What bones contribute to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A 
Ethmoid bone:
- Superior concha
- Middle concha
Inferior concha bone
Frontal process of maxilla
Palatine bone
Medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid
110
Q

What is the vestibule of the nasal cavity?

A

Entrance

111
Q

What are the choanae?

A

Opening of posterior nasal cavities into nasopharynx

112
Q

What lies beneath each concha of the nasal cavities?

A

A meatus

113
Q

What are the functions of the nasal conchae?

A

Warm air
Filter air
Turbulence

114
Q

How does the frontal sinus drain into the nasal cavity?

A

Opens into middle meatus via:

  • Ethmoidal infundibulum
  • Semilunar hiatus
115
Q

How do the anterior and middle ethmoidal sinuses drain into the nasal cavity?

A

Opens into middle meatus via:

  • Ethmoidal infundibulum
  • Can drain directly
116
Q

How does the maxillary sinus drain into the nasal cavity?

A

Opens into middle meatus via:

  • Maxillary ostium
  • Semilunar hiatus
117
Q

How does the posterior ethmoidal sinus drain into the nasal cavity?

A

Opens into superior meatus directly

118
Q

How does the sphenoidal sinus drain into the nasal cavity?

A

Opens into sphenoethmoidal recess directly

119
Q

What is the nerve supply to the frontal sinus?

A

Supraorbital nerve (CN V1)

120
Q

What is the nerve supply to the anterior and middle ethmoidal sinuses?

A

Nasociliary nerve (CN V1)

121
Q

What is the nerve supply to the maxillary sinus?

A

Superior alveolar nerve (CN V2)

122
Q

What is the nerve supply to the posterior ethmoidal sinus?

A

Nasociliary nerve (CN V1)

123
Q

What is the nerve supply to the sphenoidal sinus?

A

Posterior ethmoidal nerve (CN V1)

124
Q

What do the posterior ethmoidal air cells form?

A

Bulge of the ethmoidal bulla

125
Q

In an anterior view of a coronal section through the jaw, what is the order of muscles from most superficial (inferior) to the tongue?

A 
Platysma
Anterior bellies of digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Tongue (genioglossus)
126
Q

What is the course of mylohyoid?

A

Mandible to body of hyoid

127
Q

What is the innervation to mylohyoid?

A

CN V3 (branch of inferior alveolar nerve)

128
Q

What are the functions of mylohyoid?

A

Elevates hyoid and floor of mouth

Depresses mandible

129
Q

What is the course of the anterior belly of digastric?

A

Mandible to the body and greater horn of hyoid

130
Q

What is the innervation to anterior belly of digastric?

A

CN V3

131
Q

What are the functions of the anterior belly of digastric?

A

Elevates hyoid

Depresses mandible

132
Q

What is the course of the posterior belly of digastric?

A

Temporal bone to the body and greater horn of hyoid

133
Q

What is the innervation to the posterior belly of digastric?

A

CN VII

134
Q

What is the course of stylohyoid?

A

Styloid process (of temporal bone) to body of hyoid

135
Q

What is the innervation to stylohyoid?

A

CN VII

136
Q

What is the function of stylohyoid?

A

Elevates hyoid

137
Q

What is the course of geniohyoid?

A

Mandible to body of hyoid

138
Q

What is the innervation to geniohyoid?

A

C1 via CN XII

139
Q

What is the function of geniohyoid?

A

Elevates hyoid

140
Q

What is the location of the submandibular glands?

A

Along body of mandible:
- Partly superior and partly inferior to posterior half
Partly superficial and partly deep to mylohyoid

141
Q

How long is the submandibular duct?

A

~5cm

142
Q

Where does the submandibular duct arise?

A

From part of gland between mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles

143
Q

What nerve loops under the submandibular duct anteriorly?

A

Lingual nerve

144
Q

Where does the submandibular duct open?

A

On a sublingual papilla beside the base of the lingual frenulum

145
Q

What is the nerve supply to the submandibular gland?

A

PNS fibres from chorda tympani (CN VII) running in the lingual nerve (CN V3)

146
Q

Where do the sublingual glands lie?

A

In floor of mouth between mandible and genioglossus

147
Q

Where do the sublingual ducts open?

A

Floor of mouth along sublingual folds

148
Q

What is the nerve supply to the sublingual glands?

A

PNS fibres from chorda tympani (CN VII) running in the lingual nerve (CN V3)

149
Q

Where is the anterior part of the tongue (the body) found?

A

Oral cavity

150
Q

What divides the anterior part of the tongue in half?

A

Midline groove

151
Q

What are the lingual papillae on the anterior part of the tongue?

A

Fungiform
Filiform
Vallate
Foliate

152
Q

What are the most numerous lingual papillae on the tip of the tongue?

A

Fungiform

153
Q

What lingual papillae lie laterally?

A

Foliate

154
Q

Which lingual papillae have no taste receptors?

A

Filiform

155
Q

What is the innervation to the anterior tongue?

A

CN V3 - General sensory

CN VII - Taste

156
Q

Where is the root of the tongue?

A

In oropharynx

157
Q

What divides the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue? Where is this found?

A

Terminal sulcus:

- Lies immediately posterior to the v-shaped row of vallate papillae

158
Q

What lingual papillae are found on the posterior part of the tongue?

A

None

159
Q

What structure do the underlying lymphoid nodules form in the posterior tongue?

A

Lingual tonsil

160
Q

What is the innervation to the posterior tongue?

A

CN IX:
- General sensory
- Taste
Small patch via internal laryngeal nerve (CN X)

161
Q

What is the apex of the division between the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue called?

A

Foramen cecum:

- Remnant of median thyroid diverticulum

162
Q

What are the intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

163
Q

Describe the intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Change shape of tongue
Fibres in different orientations
All within tongue
All innervated by CN XII

164
Q

What are the functions of genioglossus?

A

Depresses tongue

Protrudes tip

165
Q

What is the function of palatoglossus?

A

Elevates tongue

166
Q

What are the functions of styloglossus?

A

Elevates and retracts tongue

167
Q

What is the function of hyoglossus?

A

Depresses tongue

168
Q

Where do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue originate and insert?

A

Originate outside tongue

Insert into tongue

169
Q

What is the innervation to the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A 
CN XII:
- Genioglossus
- Styloglossus
- Hyoglossus
CN X in pharyngeal plexus:
- Palatoglossus
170
Q

What are the branches of the lingual artery that supply the tongue?

A 
Dorsal lingual arteries:
- Supplies root of tongue (posterior 1/3)
Deep lingual arteries:
- Supply body of tongue (anterior 2/3)
Sublingual arteries:
- Supply sublingual glands
171
Q

What is the venous drainage of the tongue?

A 
Dorsal lingual veins drain root:
- Accompany lingual artery
Deep lingual veins start at tip of tongue
Meet and form lingual vein:
- Drains to IJV
172
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the tip of the tongue?

A

Submental nodes:

- Very middle tip drains bilaterally

173
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lateral parts of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Submandibular nodes (ipsilaterally)

174
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the middle part of anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Inferior deep cervical nodes (bilaterally)

175
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Superior deep cervical nodes (bilaterally)

176
Q

Where does lymph from the tip and the lateral parts of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue eventually drain to?

A

Deep cervical nodes

177
Q

What bones form the hard palate?

A

Maxillae:
- Palatine processes
Palatine bones:
- Horizontal plates

178
Q

What is the incisive fossa of the hard palate?

A

Midline depression

Posterior to central incisors

179
Q

What is the palatine raphe of the hard palate?

A

Midline structure marking site of palatal process fusion

180
Q

What folds radiate laterally from the incisive fossa?

A

Transverse palatine folds

181
Q

Where do the palatine glands lie and what do they secrete?

A

Deep to mucosa

Secrete mucus

182
Q

What is the greater palatine foramen of the hard palate?

A

A passage for the greater palatine vessels and nerves into the palate:
- Lies medial to 3rd upper molar

183
Q

What is the lesser palatine foramen of the hard palate?

A

A passage transmitting the lesser palatine vessels and nerves to soft palate

184
Q

What is the innervation to the hard palate?

A

Greater palatine nerves:

  • Branch of pterygopalatine ganglion
  • Sensory via CN V2
185
Q

What is the arterial supply to the hard palate?

A

Greater palatine arteries:

- Branch of descending palatine artery from maxillary artery

186
Q

What is the venous drainage of the hard palate?

A

Drains to pterygoid venous plexus

187
Q

What strengthens the soft palate anteriorly and what does it attach to?

A

Palatine aponeurosis:

- Attaches to posterior edge of hard palate

188
Q

What is the curved free margin of the soft palate?

A

Uvula

189
Q

Where is the soft palate continuous with the walls of the pharynx and how are they joined?

A

Laterally

Joined by palatopharyngeal arch

190
Q

How is the soft palate connected to the tongue?

A

Palatoglossal arch

191
Q

What do the tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini both attach to?

A

Palatine aponeurosis

Cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube

192
Q

What does tensor veli palatine loop around?

A

Pterygoid hamulus of medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid

193
Q

What is the innervation to tensor veli palatini?

A

CN V3

194
Q

What are the remaining muscles of the soft palate that are innervated by CN X in pharyngeal plexus?

A

Levator veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus uvulae

195
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the soft palate?

A 
Lesser palatine nerves:
- From pterygopalatine ganglion
- CN V2
Uvula supplied by CN IX:
- Sensory limb of gag reflex
196
Q

What is the arterial supply to the soft palate?

A

Lesser palatine arteries:

- Branch of descending palatine artery from maxillary artery

197
Q

What is the venous drainage of the soft palate?

A

Drains to pterygoid venous plexus

198
Q

What bone lies between the roots of different teeth?

A

Interalveolar septa (alveolar bone)

199
Q

What bone lies between the roots of the same tooth (eg. a molar)?

A

Interradicular septum (alveolar bone)

200
Q

What are the layers of a tooth from external to internal?

A

Enamel
Dentine
Pulp

201
Q

What are the pointed eminences on teeth?

A

Buccal cusps

202
Q

How many permanent teeth are there in adults?

A

32

203
Q

What nerve supplies the maxillary incisors and canines?

A

Anterior superior alveolar nerve (CN V2)

204
Q

What nerve supplies the maxillary premolars and 1/2 of first molar?

A

Middle superior alveolar nerve (CN V2)

205
Q

What nerve supplies the other 1/2 of the first molar and the 2nd and 3rd molars?

A

Posterior superior alveolar nerve (CN V2)

206
Q

What nerve supplies the mandibular incisors and canines?

A

Incisive branch of inferior alveolar nerve (CN V3)

207
Q

What nerve supplies the mandibular premolars and molars?

A

Dental branches of inferior alveolar nerve (CN V3)

208
Q

What is the arterial supply to the maxillary teeth?

A

Branches of maxillary artery:

  • Anterior superior alveolar artery
  • Posterior superior alveolar artery
209
Q

What is the arterial supply to the mandibular teeth?

A

Inferior alveolar arteries (from maxillary artery)

Regional Gross Anatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions