Region 14 - Ear Flashcards
What structures make up the external ear?
Auricle
External auditory meatus
External surface of tympanic membrane
What structures make up the middle ear?
Internal surface of tympanic membrane
Tympanic cavity
Ossicles
Pharyngotympanic tube
What structures make up the inner ear?
Auditory apparatus Vestibular apparatus Internal acoustic meatus CN VIII Oval window Round window
What is the auricle made up of?
Irregularly-shaped plate of elastic cartilage
Where does lymph from the auricle drain to?
Parotid and cervical nodes
What is the arterial supply to the auricle from?
Anterior auricular branches of superficial temporal artery
Posterior auricular artery perforating branches
What is the concha of the auricle? What is it made up of?
The deepest depression
Formed from:
- Cymba (superiorly)
- Cavity (inferiorly)
What is the sensory innervation to the auricle?
Anteriorly = Auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3)
Posteriorly = Lesser occipital nerve (C2) and Greater auricular nerve (C2-C3)
Entire auricle = Facial nerve contributions
Concha = Vagus nerve contributions
How long is the EAM?
~2.5cm
What type of cartilage makes up the lateral 1/3 of the EAM?
Elastic
What features are present in the lateral 1/3 of the EAM?
Hair follicles
Sweat glands:
- Ceruminous glands
Sebaceous glands
How does earwax form?
Mixing of secretions from sweat glands and sebaceous glands in lateral 1/3 of EAM
What is the structure of the medial 2/3 of the EAM?
Bone
Lined with stratified squamous epithelium
What is the arterial supply to the EAM?
Auricular branches of ECA
What is the sensory supply to the EAM?
External surface = Auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3)
Anterosuperiorly = Auriculotemporal nerve
Posteroinferiorly = Auricular branch of CN X
Posteriorly = Posterior auricular branch of CN VII
What is the diameter of the tympanic membrane?
~8mm
What is the outer surface of the tympanic membrane lined with?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is the inner surface of the tympanic membrane line with?
Mucous membrane
What neurovascular structure crosses the inner surface of the tympanic membrane?
Chorda tympani of CN VII
What ossicle attaches to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane?
Malleus
What is the innervation to the lateral (external) surface of the tympanic membrane?
Auriculotemporal nerve (anteriorly and superiorly) Auricular branch of CN X (posteroinferiorly)
What is the innervation to the medial surface of the tympanic membrane?
Tympanic branches of CN IX
What forms the roof of the tympanic cavity (middle ear)?
Tegmen tympani:
- Part of petrous temporal bone
- Separates middle ear from dura of middle cranial fossa
What forms the floor/jugular wall of the tympanic cavity (middle ear)?
Layer of bone between:
- Tympanic cavity AND
- Superior bulb of IJV
What forms the membranous/lateral wall of the tympanic cavity (middle ear)?
Tympanic membrane
Superiorly:
- Lateral bony wall of epitympanic recess
- Head of malleus extends into recess
What forms the labyrinthine/medial wall of the tympanic cavity (middle ear)?
Promontory of labyrinthine wall:
- Basal turn of cochlea
- Oval and round windows
What overlies the promontory of the labyrinthine wall of the tympanic cavity?
Tympanic plexus:
- Lesser petrosal nerve
- Tympanic nerve
(Both CN IX)
What forms the mastoid/posterior wall of the tympanic cavity (middle ear)?
Aditus:
- Opening in superior aspect of cavity
- Opens into mastoid antrum
What forms the carotid/anterior wall of the tympanic cavity (middle ear)?
A thin bone between the tympanic cavity and the carotid canal
What features are in the superior part of the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity?
Opening for pharyngotympanic tube
Canal for tensor tympani