Regeneration - Nakagawa Flashcards
What is chromatolysis?
Swelling of neuronal cell bodies and dispersed ribosomes.
One of the changes that happens in a cell body due to retrograde effects after axonal damage
What does the term wallerian degradation refer to?
anterograde degradation of the axon on the distal end of the bisected axon
PNS or CNS easier to regenerate?
PNS
What is the #1 most important component of the capacity of the PNS to regenerate?
Axon degeneration trigggers surrounding schwann cells to redifferentiate
(damaged neurons can also change expression patterns
What kinds of injuries are harder or easier to recover from?
Full cuts are hard to recover.
Crush injuries are easier.
Basically it depends on how much connective tissue is remaining, physical bridges can facilitate regrowth
What is one of the major limitations in regeneration?
There is a lack of guidance clues to get axons back to the right location
Often a painful traumatic neuroma will form as a result
One big difference between CNS and PNS in terms of regeneration is that the CNS produces inhibitors of axonal regeneration while the PNS does not. What are 2 of these inhibitors produced by the CNS?
Nogo - A
Myelin Associated Glycoprotein (MAG)
What is the barriers that tends to form in CNS injuries, blocking growing axons?
Any known therapies?
Glial Scar forms and is a barrier to growing axons. Scar produces chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) to inhibit extracellular matrix
You can use chondroitinase to get rid of CSPG
List two areas where physiological neurogenesis is known to occur in the adult brain:
Hippocampus(dentate gyrus)
Subventricular zones of lateral ventricles
A few new ideas for regeneration and functional recovery in CNS?
Stimulate axonal regeneration
- Cell replacement therapies (ES, iPS)
- Promote CNS plasticity possibly thru blocking GABA
