Regeneration EQ1 Flashcards
How and why do places vary?
What is regeneration?
process of improving a real or urban place by making positive changes
Give 2 ways of classifying economic activity
by sector or employment
What are the 4 different job sectors?
primary - extraction of raw materials
secondary - manufacture and processors
tertiary - services
quaternary - high-tech research / design
What does a clark fisher model show?
growth or decline in the different sector jobs
Why have the tertiary and quaternary sectors grown since the post-industrial period?
tertiary - tourism and retail grew because o higher incomes, cheaper air travel
quaternary - footloose (no location), increased connectivity
What are the different types of employment?
part-time/ full-time
temporary/permanent
employed/self-employed
What is meant by quality of life?
measure of the well-being and life satisfaction of people living in a particular area
True or false: economic activity in places has impacts on key social factors?
True
it is often a reflection of these social factors as well
Give 3 reasons for inequality in pay levels
population density, two-speed economy, de-industrialisation
what is the index of multiple deprivation and what 7 types of deprivation does it measure?
governments measure of multiple deprivation
crime, living environment, education, employment, housing, health
(the lower the number , the more deprived the area is)
What is meant by the function of an area?
activities that take place in a particular area
Give 3 examples of different types of functions
location near ports, retail, industrial
List 2 demographic characteristics that may change over time in an area
ethnic composition, age structure
What are the 4 main factors that have shaped how places have changed over time?
physical (coastal erosion)
connectedness (growth of airports=immigration)
historical development (post WWII migration, wind rush to Brixton of Jamaican migrants)
planning (rural villages being overrun by urban sprawl)
Give 3 examples of how changes can be measured
employment trends, demographic change and changes to deprivation levels
Give 3 reasons for the decline of the London Docklands
- Ships were too big to get to the docks
- Containers were invented so big cranes were no longer needed
- port industry became less important
How did the Docklands decline affect the urban area?`
population and employment declined
lack of open space
95% of housing was rented
Who were the 4 key players in the regeneration of the London Docklands?
LDDC (London Docklands Development Corporation) set up
Government created Enterprise zone offering grants and reduced rates (- encourage investment)
Property developers built large office blocks
Council
Give 2 social achievements and problems with the London docklands regeneration
+ approx. 15,000 new home
+ community action groups formed
- tension between wealth and poverty
- old dock workers didn’t have skills for new jobs or enough money
Give 2 economic achievements and problems with the London Docklands regeneration project
+ 8.000 new jobs
+ new offices
- skills mismatch for local residents
- poor lost out on new housing and facilities (gentrification)
Give 2 environmental achievements and problems with the London Docklands regeneration project
+ 200,000 new trees planted
+ reduction in derelict land
- increased case of asthma
- noise pollution
What is gentrification?
a change in social status whereby former working class inner city areas become more occupied by middle class
Give 2 brief arguments for and against whether the docklands regeneration project was successful
yes= more trade, 1000s of new jobs no= old dock workers didn't have the skills for new jobs or enough money for new houses
Discuss two attitudes of people for and against the regeneration project in the Docklands
+ Financial company _ cheap land with easy travel into central
+ Local Shopkeepers _ newcomers mean more trade
- Social workers _ community atmosphere has gone , YUPpies (young urban professionals) don’t mix
- Former dock workers and the elderly _ can’t afford, pushed out
