Regeneration EQ1

Question 1

What is regeneration?

Answer 1

process of improving a real or urban place by making positive changes

Question 2

Give 2 ways of classifying economic activity

Answer 2

by sector or employment

Question 3

What are the 4 different job sectors?

Answer 3

primary - extraction of raw materials
secondary - manufacture and processors
tertiary - services
quaternary - high-tech research / design

Question 4

What does a clark fisher model show?

Answer 4

growth or decline in the different sector jobs

Question 5

Why have the tertiary and quaternary sectors grown since the post-industrial period?

Answer 5

tertiary - tourism and retail grew because o higher incomes, cheaper air travel
quaternary - footloose (no location), increased connectivity

Question 6

What are the different types of employment?

Answer 6

part-time/ full-time
temporary/permanent
employed/self-employed

Question 7

What is meant by quality of life?

Answer 7

measure of the well-being and life satisfaction of people living in a particular area

Question 8

True or false: economic activity in places has impacts on key social factors?

Answer 8

True

it is often a reflection of these social factors as well

Question 9

Give 3 reasons for inequality in pay levels

Answer 9

population density, two-speed economy, de-industrialisation

Question 10

what is the index of multiple deprivation and what 7 types of deprivation does it measure?

Answer 10

governments measure of multiple deprivation

crime, living environment, education, employment, housing, health

(the lower the number , the more deprived the area is)

Question 11

What is meant by the function of an area?

Answer 11

activities that take place in a particular area

Question 12

Give 3 examples of different types of functions

Answer 12

location near ports, retail, industrial

Question 13

List 2 demographic characteristics that may change over time in an area

Answer 13

ethnic composition, age structure

Question 14

What are the 4 main factors that have shaped how places have changed over time?

Answer 14

physical (coastal erosion)
connectedness (growth of airports=immigration)
historical development (post WWII migration, wind rush to Brixton of Jamaican migrants)
planning (rural villages being overrun by urban sprawl)

Question 15

Give 3 examples of how changes can be measured

Answer 15

employment trends, demographic change and changes to deprivation levels

Question 16

Give 3 reasons for the decline of the London Docklands

Answer 16

1. Ships were too big to get to the docks
2. Containers were invented so big cranes were no longer needed
3. port industry became less important

Question 17

How did the Docklands decline affect the urban area?`

Answer 17

population and employment declined
lack of open space
95% of housing was rented

Question 18

Who were the 4 key players in the regeneration of the London Docklands?

Answer 18

LDDC (London Docklands Development Corporation) set up

Government created Enterprise zone offering grants and reduced rates (- encourage investment)

Property developers built large office blocks

Council

Question 19

Give 2 social achievements and problems with the London docklands regeneration

Answer 19

+ approx. 15,000 new home
+ community action groups formed
- tension between wealth and poverty
- old dock workers didn’t have skills for new jobs or enough money

Question 20

Give 2 economic achievements and problems with the London Docklands regeneration project

Answer 20

+ 8.000 new jobs
+ new offices
- skills mismatch for local residents
- poor lost out on new housing and facilities (gentrification)

Question 21

Give 2 environmental achievements and problems with the London Docklands regeneration project

Answer 21

+ 200,000 new trees planted
+ reduction in derelict land
- increased case of asthma
- noise pollution

Question 22

What is gentrification?

Answer 22

a change in social status whereby former working class inner city areas become more occupied by middle class

Question 23

Give 2 brief arguments for and against whether the docklands regeneration project was successful

Answer 23

yes= more trade, 1000s of new jobs
no= old dock workers didn't have the skills for new jobs or enough money for new houses

Question 24

Discuss two attitudes of people for and against the regeneration project in the Docklands

Answer 24

+ Financial company _ cheap land with easy travel into central
+ Local Shopkeepers _ newcomers mean more trade
- Social workers _ community atmosphere has gone , YUPpies (young urban professionals) don’t mix
- Former dock workers and the elderly _ can’t afford, pushed out