Coasts EQ3

Question 1

State 2 causes of long term sea level change

Answer 1

isostatic and eustatic change

Question 2

What is isostatic change? What causes this change?

Answer 2

a local rise or fall in land level

ice sheets forming (subsidence) or melt (recovery)

Question 3

What is eustatic change? What causes this change?

Answer 3

global rise or fall in water level
glaciers form (sea level fall) or melt at end of glacial periods (sea level rise)

Question 4

What kind of coastlines are often the result of isostatic rebound?

Answer 4

emergent

Question 5

Describe 2 landforms of emergent coastlines

Answer 5

raised beaches - former shoreline platforms and beaches raise as land rose e.g Isle of Arran

fossil cliffs - often found behind raised beaches and are remains of eroded cliff lines e.g W coast of Scotland

Question 6

What often results in submerged coastlines?

Answer 6

sea level rise or isostatic sinking

Question 7

List the 4 landforms fund on submergent coastline

Answer 7

ria
fjord
fjard
dalmation coast

Question 8

What is a ria?

Answer 8

formed when valleys in dissected upland area are flooded

Question 9

What is a fjord?

Answer 9

drowned U shaped glacial valley

Question 10

What is a fjard?

Answer 10

flooded inlet with low rocky banks on either side

Question 11

What is a Dalmatian coast?

Answer 11

where river flows almost parallel to the coast rather than 90degrees
e.g Croatia

Question 12

Give 3 factors making contemporary sea level rise hard to predict

Answer 12

thermal expansion depends on how high temp climbs
meting of mountain glaciers and ice sheets
tectonic activity

Question 13

Give a country at risk from contemporary sea level change

Answer 13

Kiribati is sinking
environmental refugees
could disappear in next 50 years

Question 14

Give 4 physical features rapidly eroding coastlines have in common and link it to causes of Holderness Coast’s rapid retreat

Answer 14

long fetch (small fetch but receive strong winds and waves)

strong LSD (boulder clay easily transported and beaches have little sand)

vulnerable to subaerial processes (chalk cliffs: chemical weathering, boulder clay: freeze thaw and wetting and drying as well as slumping)

soft geology (boulder clay is structurally weak)

Question 15

List 2 human actions influencing rapid coastal recession

Answer 15

dredging, building of damns

actions of different players

Question 16

Other than fetch, give other longterm factors influencing rates of recession

Answer 16

currents, weather systems (low pressure = strong winds and waves) , small enclosed seas, deep sea floors

short term- wind direction

Question 17

Give 3 local factors that can increase flood risk

Answer 17

vegetation removal, topography (if its a funnel shape (North Sea coastline)), height

Question 18

State 2 places at risk if the global sea level continues to rise

Answer 18

Bangladesh, Maldives

Question 19

True or false: storm surges are the most common cause of coastal flooding

Answer 19

TRUEE

Question 20

Describe 2 case studies of storm surge events that caused severe coastal flooding

Answer 20

North Sea Storm Surge - caused by a depression
15 deaths
rail network shut down
1000s homes flooded

Typhoon Haiyan, Phillippines - caused by tropical storm
6000+ killed
oil spill
6m workers out of jobs

Question 21

Give 3 coastal risks from global warming

Answer 21

sea level rise, delta flooding, coastal erosion increase (due to effects of change to weather systems and sea level)