Regenerating Places Flashcards
What are the different types of workers and contracts?
- Permanent contract ( 18.4 million people in the UK with full time contracts)
- Fixed contract
- Self-employed
- Zero hour contracts
- Illegal workers
- Temporary and Seasonal workers
***What are 4 key methods geographers can measure changes within an area?
- Land-use changes
- Employment trends
- Levels of deprivation
- Demographic changes
In urban decline what does Reinventor and Replicator cities mean?
Reinventor cities= have changed their economic base successfully by encouraging IT and digital media, have higher wages, graduate workers, new businesses and productivity.
Replicator cities= replaced cotton wool with call centers and dock yards with distribution centers are less sustainable. They tend to have a higher share of workers with low qualifications and a working age population claiming benefits
These cities are usually reflective of places that have difficulty in changing the legacy of a rust belt
What are the 4 key functions of a place and what do they mean?
Retail - shops
Administrative - Schools, clinics and hospitals
Commercial - Offices for service industry firms like legal services and accountants.
Industrial - Factories, Warehouses and distribution centers.
What are 4 reasons why conflicts may occur within an area?
- a lack of political engagement and representation
- ethnic tensions
- inequality
- a lack of economic opportunity
How can we evaluate the need for regeneration?
- Quantitative means census data - this shows the population growth rates, age categories, ethnic and health IMD data Labour force surveys - these show average incomes, types of jobs and whether they are part time or full time - Qualitative Photographs Postcards and paintings Written documents Social media sources TV series
What are the factors affecting the Levels of Engagement?
- Age
- Ethnicity
- Gender
- Length of residence
- Levels of deprivation
Give some facts about the inequality of pay throughout London?
- The richest 1% of the population received 13% of all income and accumulated as much wealth as the poorest 55%
- The UK now has the most billionaires per capita than any other country
- More than 1/2 million people in England are on 0 - hour contracts or casual contracts.
***Why do certain aspects of the functional and demographic changes?
Functional changes
- Retail landscape has transported itself in the past decade with online shopping, click and collect and banking affecting city high streets
- Commercial functions are rapidly changing because of internet and broadband and changing customer habits.
Demographic changes
- Immigration can affect the demographic of an area and specifically its ethnic composition
- Rural areas will have an ageing population as there is less employment opportunities so there will be an increase of rural-urban migration by younger people
- Gentrification may occur to attract people of a higher social status and income
***Explain the IMD and some characteristics of it?
IMD is used by the central government to allocate resources to places and people and target hotspots of crime. In the IMD they split england into 32,844 small areas with 1500 people per area. There are 7 domains of deprivation including the main two of income and employment also there is education, crime etc.
***What are the three aspects of the role of government planning?
- Planning Laws
decide how land should be used, this helps to create places where people want to live, work, relax in and invest into. National interest may override local interests in planning decisions. - Planning for fracking
The process of obtaining gas from shale rock is known as fracking. The government sees it as a national priority to increase secure energy supplies and economic prosperity. - Planning for housing needs
There have been many political twists and turns in priorities. Labor governments have fostered social housing. Conservatives has favored a market- led approach. They expect that charitable or private housing associations would replace local authorities in building lower-cost homes.
Give the two types of local interest groups?
- socio-economic such as youth and retirement homes as well as trade unions
- environmental such as preservation societies in rural and urban places
There are often tensions between groups that wish to preserve places and those that seek change.
List all the types of regeneration strategies?
- Retail led plans
- Tourism led plans
- Sport led plans
- Culture led plans
***What are the factors affecting perception of success?
- Gender
- Ethnicity
- Age
- Media coverage
- Stance towards development and change
- Personal experiences and change
- Personal perceptions and attachments
***What are the different viewpoints from different urban players?
National Government and planners- Long term national goals take priority
Local councils- Having duties of tackling inequalities in their community/ making planning decisions
Developers - economic standpoint - Profit
Local businesses - increased footfall keep there business thriving
Local communities - majority is represented by a few people willing to give up their time to be involved in the local council
How can social progress be measured?
- reductions in inequality
- Improvements in social measures of deprivation
- demographic changes - improvement in life expectancy
***Give key facts and information about the key case study of Heathrow airport development
- Had the go ahead in 2015
- Cost is at a estimated $18.6 billion with the money being publicly and privately funded
- Plan is to go from 2 runways to 3
- London’s mayor and many MPs are heavily against it with some groups such as Plane Stupid and Greenpeace
- It could generate $100 billion nationally
- It protects the current 114,000 local jobs and creates over 70,000 new ones
***Give key facts on the case study of local plans and the Cambridge Science Park ?
- The purpose of a science park is to represent an areas as being attractive for inward investment it is usually a strategy from local governments to get inward investment to help regeneration in the area
- The Cambridge Science Park grew rapidly in the 1990s
- It has done well to attract many TNCs such as in the 2000s it attracted TNCs such as AstraZeneca
Give key facts and information about the case study of Liverpool Waters ( this can be used to as an example of re-branding de-industrialised areas )
- A $75 billion growth corridor from the Port of Liverpool to Manchester
- Covers 2 km of water front with plans of 9000 flats, shops and office space
- It is going to attract Chinese investment by twinning Shanghai and the 55-storey skyscraper
Talk about the London docklands regeneration?
- This is a type of regeneration that aims to ‘sell’ a place
- It can now be seen as a desirable place but it wasn’t on the 1980s was seen as social unrest and derelict land
- now it’s economy is growing
- It hosted the London 2012 Olympics and it’s ethnically diverse
- It’s new image results from re-branding the past and gentrification
What are the two key factors affecting a persons sense of place and lived experience ?
- Membership: a feeling of belonging, familiarity and being accepted
- Influence: a sense of playing a part in a place, and hence caring about it
When talking about factors affecting lived experience and levels of engagement what do we mean when talking about Marginalisation, exclusion and social polarisation ?
Marginalisation is where groups may be pushed out to the edges of by the dominant core culture
Exclusion is the extreme form of marginalisation, when people’s access to services and opportunities are restricted
Social Polarisation is the process of segregation within a society that emerges from income inequality and economic restructuring
Give 3 named examples of the three priorities for regeneration( sink estates, gated communities, commuter village)
Sink estates = Barracks in Glasgow
Gated communities = London Docklands
Commuter Villages = Villages near Winchester
Give facts about London 2012 Olympics regeneration?
- Over 4000 trees planted with 100 hectares of green land planted
- Athletes village changed into 2800 flats
- Over 2000 jobs created by 2030
- 7000 additional homes added to the edge of the park
What does the term studentification mean?
Studentification is where there is a concentration of transient, exuberant youthful groups, who may have little regard for there surrounding long-term residents, have forced some local authorities to try and restrict the number of houses on multiple occasions
It affects larger urban places such as Leeds, Nottingham and Southampton
