Paper 3 Flashcards
What are two areas that are ‘Switched off regions”?
- North Korea - Political reasons for 70 years it has been ruled by an autocracy it is a dictatorship under a communist regime
- The Sahel region of Africa(e.g. Chad and Mali) - Poverty, chad struggles to attract FDI as it does not have a coastline
What are the strengths and weaknesses of having a global culture?
Strengths
- More harmonious for society if everyone’s views and beliefs are the same
- As people experience different cultures it will improve relations between countries which could stop conflict and help trade
Weaknesses
-removes the sense of uniqueness as everyone conforms to the same beliefs all the time
What are two examples of low-wage international migrants?
Indian workers moving to UAE over 2 million Indians live there and an estimated US$15 billion is returned to India annually as remittances
Around 1.5 million migrants from the Philippines have arrived in Saudi Arabia since 1973, some work in construction and transport industries, others as doctors and nurses in Riyadh. Around US$ 7 billion is returned to Philippines annually
What are the 5 cultural traits?
- Language
- Food
- Traditions
- Clothing
- Religion
What are the economic and social measures?
- Income per capita and GDP
- economic sector balance
- Human development index (HDI, based on GDP per capita adjusted for PPP, life expectancy and adult literacy rate)
- Gender Inequality Index
- Environmental quality Index
Explain the case study of the tensions of the first nations?
In Canada the first nations there were tensions created as the 6 groups of indigenous people and they feel it is unjust others nations are extracting their oil. Over 200 million barrels of conventional oil has been extracted their since 1920.
This could affect the death of trout and other fish in oil-polluted lakes and the negative effects of alcohol and drugs (brought by oil workers) on the behaviour of young Dene people.
What is the PAR model and the components ?
Root causes
- limited access to - power, structures, resources- ( poverty)
- Ideologies - Political system, economic system - ( corruption )
Dynamic pressures
- lack of - training, skills, local investment, local markets, Press freedom,
- Macro forces - Rapid population change, Rapid urbanisation, Arms expenditure, Deforestation.
Unsafe conditions
- Physical environment - Dangerous location, Unprotected buildings
- Local economy - Livelihood at risk, Low income levels
- Social relations - Special groups at risk
- Public actions - Lack of disaster preparedness, prevalence of endemic disease
Hazards - Earthquake, Landslides, Flooding, Volcanoes
Risk = Hazard times vulnerability
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Capacity to cope
What are some examples of IGOs and what they actually stand for (and when they were founded) ?
- World Bank (1944)
- IMF (International Monetary Fund) (1944)
- WTO (World Trade Organisation) (1995)
- WEF (World Economic Forum) (1971)
What are some facts of TNCs as players in global trade?
- Between 1960 and 2010 trade increased by at least 46% per decade
- UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) estimated in 2013 that TNCs now account for 80% of all global trade - which in 2013 was over US$20 trillion
When talking about feedback mechanisms what does the negative feedback and positive feedback do to the carbon cycle?
Negative feedback mechanisms - Slow it down
Positive feedback mechanisms - Speed it up
What are the main adaptation and mitigation strategies?
Adaptation
- Solar radiation management
- Water conservation and management
- Resilient agricultural systems
- Land-use planning and fllod-risk mangement
Mitigation
- Replanting mangrove forests
- Carbon tax
- Afforestation
- Carbon capture
- Biofuels
What are the different economic and social measures of development?
- Income per capita and GDP
- economic sector balance
- Human development index (HDI, based on GDP per capita adjusted for PPP, life expectancy and adult literacy rate)
- Gender Inequality Index
- Environmental quality Index
In Carbon where can we see an examples of the adaptation strategy of land use planning/ management ?
- Japan
What is the Kyoto protocol (Carbon)?
- The first major international effort yo encourage both long and short-term climate change mitigation was the 1997 Kyoto protocol, an agreement to cut Greenhouse gas emissions by 5% on 1990 levels by 2012
What are the 2 particular phenomena capable of creating tipping points?
- Forest die back
- Changes to the thermohaline circulation
