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ALevel History > Reformation Key Terms > Flashcards

Reformation Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Sola fide

A

‘just shall live by faith alone’ one of Luther’s beliefs

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2
Q

Sola scriptura

A

Luther’s belief that only the Scriptures and not papal editions of the Bible were free from error.

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3
Q

Sacraments

A

The Catholic Church believed in 7 and that they should (nearly) all be followed, however Luther believed in only two, baptism and Eucharist.

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4
Q

Frederick the Wise

A

Also known as Frederick the Elector of Saxony, a prince in Wittenberg who supported Luther and arranged for his kidnap following the Diet of Worms where Charles v banned him from the empire.

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5
Q

Pope Leo X

A

Ecommunicated Luther.
Commissioned Tetzel to sell indulgences.
Commissioned a new indulgence in 1517 to rebuild St Peter’s Basilica.

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6
Q

Thoman Müntzer

A

Expelled from Zwickau and arrived in Allstedt advocating adult baptism, communal use of property and use of violence to reform society. He encouraged peasants to revolt against authority.

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7
Q

Hans Hut

A

practised Anabaptism, familiarism (free love) and common possession of goods in Ausburg. His followers were called Hutterites

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8
Q

Melchoir Hoffman

A

Proclaimed the world would end in 1533.

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9
Q

Institutes of the Christian Religion 1536

A

Calvin’s book which outlined his ideas:

  • sola fide
  • double predestination.
  • clerical marriage acceptable.
  • indulgences, holy relics, pilgrimages rejected.
  • only two sacraments, baptism and Eucharist
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10
Q

In Praise of Folly

A

Erasmus’ book.
Criticised Popes for being all ‘ceremonial and display’ ‘teaching people is too much like hard work’ ‘praying is a waste of time’

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11
Q

Peter Canisius

A

A Jesuit who stayed in Germany 1549-80.
Founded first Jesuit college there in Ingolstadt and helped found 18 more as well as help German rulers accept the decrees from the Council of Trent.
Gained the support of Ferdinand I (the Holy Roman Emperor)

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12
Q

Ad fontes

A

‘to the sources’ used by humanists

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13
Q

Conciliarism

A

Pope Paul III’s fear that a council will challenge and undermine the Pope’s authority.

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14
Q

Millenarianism

A

A golden age was coming.
Christ was going to appear on earth and sweep away the ungodly (priests and landlords) and raise up the oppressed and create a classless society.

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15
Q

Juan Mariani

A

Jesuit trained

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16
Q

Contarini

A

A reforming cardinal?

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17
Q

Pope Pius V

A

Encouraged including Jesuits, Theatines, Barnabites and Capuchins

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18
Q

Juan Mariani

A

Jesuit trained

19
Q

Contarini

A

A reforming cardinal?

20
Q

Pope Pius V

A

Encouraged including Jesuits, Theatines, Barnabites and Capuchins

21
Q

Julius II

A

Described ‘warrior pope’ by Christine Shaw.
Put himself at head of his troops in Northern Italy.
Subject of Erasmus’ pamphlet ‘Julius Exclusus’.
Unhappy that a statue depicted him with a bible not sword.

22
Q

Alexander VI

A

Bribed cardinals to vote for him.
Had 8 children by 3 women before becoming pope: meant to remain celibate.
Nepotism: made 8 family members cardinals.

23
Q

1st Council of Trent session

A

Reaffirmed doctrines.

Seven sacraments ‘absolutely necessary’.

24
Q

2nd Council of Trent session

A

Denied Protestant demands, eg. Councils should have authority over pope.
Transubstantiation affirmed.
Increased power of Pope

25
Q

3rd Council of Trent session

A

Left Pope to decide on the Index and catechism.

26
Q

Pope Paul III

A

Founded Society of Jesus 1540.
Set up Council of Trent.
Implemented Inquisition

27
Q

Julius III

A

His reign included nepotism but ordered the second Council of Trent.

28
Q

Paul IV

A

Persecuted liberal cardinals eg. Pole.

Founded the Roman Inquisition.

29
Q

Roman Index of Prohibited Books

A

10,000 books burned in Venice in 1558

30
Q

Lainez and Salmeron

A

Jesuits at Council of Trent.

Excelled on the question of justification which was one of the main problems caused by Luther.

31
Q

Francis Xavier

A

Made a saint for his work.
Went to India, Goa and Japan.
Baptised 10,000 by 1544.

32
Q

Libertines

A 
Perrin supported Servetus.
Lost his place as Syndic in 1555.
All four syndics then supported Calvin.
Perrin was tortured and executed.
His land was sold for money to fund Genevan Academy
33
Q

Servetus

A

Condemned infant baptism and the Doctrine of the Trinity.
Burned at stake.
Calvin was the expert prosecution witness at his trial.

34
Q

Ameaux

A

Calvin made him walk in public begging for mercy off him and God when the Council said he should apologise in private.

35
Q

Ecclesiastical Ordinances.

A

Accepted by council in 1541.

Contained the Church organisation.

36
Q

Le Grabeau.

A

Pastors criticised each other to raise the standards.

37
Q

The Consistory.

A

Banned dancing, whistling etc.

Given power to excommunicate sinners 1555.

38
Q

Genevan Academy.

A

Calvin said theology was ‘the heart of all study’.
By 1564 300 in Academy and 1000 in college.
‘The great days of the college only lasted a few years’.
Trained to be effective missionaries and preachers.

39
Q

Donation of Constantine

A

Written 4th century.
Claims popes were given authority over Italy by the Emperor Constantine.
Exposed as a fraud by Valla written 8th century.
Showed that the terminology used didn’t exist when it was written.

40
Q

Notes on the New Testament.

A

Written by Valla.

Influenced Erasmus.

41
Q

Archbishop of Mainz

A

Bought his office as well as permission to hold two other diocese

42
Q

Archbishop of Sens

A

Never entered his cathedral in his lifetime.

43
Q

Handbook of a Christian Soldier

A

Offered advice to Charles V.
Emphasised simplicity and knowledge of bible.
Could be interpreted as critical and undermining.

44
Q

Pope Paul IV

A

Created index.

Persecuted liberal cardinals eg. Contarini

ALevel History (19 decks)

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