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S2 PTA 105 G&D > Reflexes > Flashcards

Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

Primitive reflexes

A
  • an automatic movement pattern that occurs in response to a specific touch or potision stimuli - brainstem origin of reflexes
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2
Q

Purpose of primitive relflexes

A
  • infants depend on primitive reflexes for survival and early learning - support the birthing process - some emerge in tuero, some emerge at birth, and others emerge within a few months of life and should be integrated by 1 year (2 at the most)
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3
Q

Integrative

A

Organizes brain and body functions

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4
Q

Attention

A

Awakening of senses and awareness

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5
Q

Learning

A

Sets pattern of how child engages new experiences

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6
Q

Sensor-motor integration

A

Purposeful / voluntary motor response to a sensory stimuli

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7
Q

Reflex maturation

A

Each reflex has its own time table - emerging: involuntary - active running: involuntary - maturing: beginning of voluntary control - integration: voluntary control / choice

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8
Q

Causes of retained reflexes

A

“Greater the severity of the reflex, the motor efficiency was lower” - premature births / NICU - young birth mothers - alcohol/drug use - multiple births - c section - skipping of milestones - trauma / chronic stress - inadequate movement - misalignment of cranial bones or cervical spine

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9
Q

Symptoms of retained moro

A
  • car sickness - poor stamina - doesn’t maintain eye contact - sensitive to light / sound - allergies - adverse reaction to prescription drugs - anxiety or nervousness - mood swings - poor math sense
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10
Q

Symptoms of retained galant

A
  • bed wetting - poor endurance - attention difficulties - hip rotation to one side / scoliosis - poor concentration - poor gross motor coordination - poor posture - poor short-term memory - fidgeting/hyperactivity
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11
Q

Symptoms of retained flexion withdrawal

A
  • UE and LE coordination deficits - toe walkers - standing and walking
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12
Q

Symptoms of ATNR

A
  • balance may be affected as result of head movements to either side - difficulty crossing the midline - hand dominance issues - poor ocular “pursuit” movements, esp at the midline - visual-perception probs - dyslexia - reading, listening, hand writing, and spelling difficulties
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13
Q

STNR

A
  • transitional primitive reflex - transitions the baby from lying on the floor to being able to crawl - integrates 9-11 months - reflex transition into the rocking movement, which results in creeping?
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14
Q

Symptoms of retained STNR

A
  • poor, hunched posture - headaches from muscle tension in neck - difficulty writing and reading - difficulty sitting still - “W” sitting - difficulty copying from blackboard - vision disorders - difficulty staying on task - when asked to crawl: bear walks or scoots
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15
Q

To crawl or not to crawl

A
  1. Vestibular, proprioceptive, and visual systems connect together for the first time 2. Teaches eyes to cross midline 3. Mature reflexes and convergence 4. Learn depth in space 5. Increase UE strength and coordination 6. Develop bilateral coordination 7. Develop palmar arches
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16
Q

To crawl or not to crawl

A
  1. Vestibular, proprioceptive, and visual systems connect together for the first time 2. Teaches eyes to cross midline 3. Mature reflexes and convergence 4. Learn depth in space 5. Increase UE strength and coordination 6. Develop bilateral coordination 7. Develop palmar arches
17
Q

Challenges in coordination can lead to

A
  • reading and writing difficulties - language and speech delays - disorganization - fidgeting - poor concentration - low muscle tone, muscle weakness - chronic body aches - poor endurance and fatigue
18
Q

Reflex testing - ATNR

A

Child to get on all fours with the arms straight, fingers pointing forward and the head in neutral. With their weight over their hands, the parent rotates the child’s head left or right. If their elbow bends on the opposite side of head rotation (like a wawa) OR the weight shifts posteriorly (off the hands), then the reflex is prolly present

19
Q

Reflex testing - rooting

A

Lightly stroke from the outer corner of the nose downward beyond the corner of the mouth - movement of the mouth or turning of the head indicates the rooting reflex - if stimulation above the central area above the top lip results in pursing the lips this indicates the suck reflex

20
Q

Reflex testing - palmar reflex

A
  1. Standing with the feet together, elbows bent and away from body with palms facing upward. Gently stroke along the creases of the palm from between the thumb and index finger toward the heel of the hand. Repeat 2-3x. If the thumb, fingers or elbows move inward then this reflex is prolly there 2. Keeping the arms straight out in front, ask the child to wriggle all 10 fingers as though they were playing piano. Watch for excessive wrist flapping being used instead of the smaller muscles of the hand or movement of the tongue and mouth. This reflex, if retained, can contribute to difficulty in writing and increased energy expenditure while writing or performing tasks
21
Q

Reflex testing - palmar reflex

A
  1. Standing with the feet together, elbows bent and away from body with palms facing upward. Gently stroke along the creases of the palm from between the thumb and index finger toward the heel of the hand. Repeat 2-3x. If the thumb, fingers or elbows move inward then this reflex is prolly there 2. Keeping the arms straight out in front, ask the child to wriggle all 10 fingers as though they were playing piano. Watch for excessive wrist flapping being used instead of the smaller muscles of the hand or movement of the tongue and mouth. This reflex, if retained, can contribute to difficulty in writing and increased energy expenditure while writing or performing tasks
22
Q

Reflex testing - TLR

A

Lying face down on ground with palms facing down ask the person to hold the head off the ground and raise the legs simultaneously keeping the legs straight (Superman) - if they are unable to keep their legs straight then Sagittarius TRL is prolly present

23
Q

Reflex testing - STNR

A

With the person on all fours with the weight forward over their hands, the parent flexes the neck fully (looking down) and hold for 5 seconds, then slowly extend the neck (looking up) and hold for 5 seconds. Repeat 3x. - if child alters their body position in any way then reflex is prolly present - look for shifting weight backward, arching back, bending arms.

24
Q

Reflex testing - galant reflex

A

With the person on all fours, lightly stroke down one side of the lumbar spine twoards the sacrum (from occipital to sacrum tests for Perez reflex). - if they move their back (typically arching or away from the stroke) then the reflex is prolly present

25
Q

Moro

A
26
Q

Galant

A
27
Q

Flexor withdrawal

A
28
Q

Traction response

A
29
Q

Plantar grasp

A
30
Q

Positive support

A
31
Q

Stepping/walking

A
32
Q

Asymmetrical tonic

A
33
Q

Symmetrical tonic

A

S2 PTA 105 G&D (11 decks)

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