Newborn Flashcards
Neonatal development
- neonatal period = first 4 weeks after birth - neuromuscular development 1. Head to toe (cephalic to caudal): direction of development 2. Gross before fine: motor skills 3. Simple to complex: movements 4. Proximal to distal: motor control follows this pattern
Cardiopulmonary system
- fetal circulatory system bypasses lungs and uses valve and ducts to complete circulation - at or shortly after birth: closure of ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale allow for perfusion of pulmonary vasculature and neonatal gas exchange
Taste and smell
Odor and taste preferences are influenced by mother’s diet during pregnancy - distinguish between sweet and sour (love sweet)
Hearing
Prefer complex sounds (tone changes) - attend to familiar sound of mother/father
Touch
Most sensitive around mouth, palms and soles of feet - somatosensory cortex developed
Vision
Limited vision - prefer simple, face-like objects
Birth - 1 month (gross and fine motor skills)
- Gross: lifts head in prone; total head lag in pull-to-sit; rolls partly to side from supine 2. Fine: hands swipe at mouth; hands held closed/fisted; arm movements jerky; coordinated suck, swallow, and respiration
Birth - 1 month (cognitive/language and emotional/social skills)
- C/L: sensorimotor stage - limited use of motor skills to access interesting sights and sounds; recognition and discrimination 2. E/S: cries to communicate; calms to human face and voice; follows moving object to midline
Reflexes
Stereotypical response to a given stimulus - precursors of more specific motor pattern - are inhibited/integrated in adults but can reemerge with CNS injury/disease
Primitive reflexes
- suck-swallow - tonic labyrinthine - palmar grasp - moro - asymmetrical tonic neck - symmetrical tonic neck - rooting - galant - plantar - stepping
Infant vs future voluntary movement
Neonatal development reflexes
Presence of reflex longer than stated time is abnormal and can interfere with normal motor development
Suck-swallow
Rooting
Tonic labyrinthine