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S2 PTA 105 G&D > Development in adolescence > Flashcards

Development in adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

Adolescence

A
  • derived from Latin word adolescence which means to grow in maturity or grow into adulthood
  • the individual changes from being child-like to being adult-like
  • a period of self-examination and emerging identity
  • physical onset of adolescence is marked by the changes that occur during puberty
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2
Q

Puberty

A

Biological events leading to adult-sized body and sexual maturity

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3
Q

Rate of development

A

At puberty is more raped than at any other time of life except infancy
Onset:
- girls 10 years
- boys 12 years

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4
Q

Changes during puberty

A
  • height: 10-12 inches
  • weight: 50-75 lbs
  • influencers: hormones, genetics, nutrition
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5
Q

Growth hormone

A
  • stimulates cell replications and cell growth

- targets many cells in body. Preferential to bone and muscle cells

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6
Q

Testosterone/estrogen

A
  • stimulates sexual maturity
  • primary sex characteristics: reproductive organ development
  • secondary sex characteristics: external signs of reproductive development
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7
Q

Girls

A
  • peak growth spurt achieved around 10-13.5 years
  • peak muscle performance spurt 11-14 years
  • pelvis and pelvic outlet widens to ready for child-bearing
  • increased fat deposition
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8
Q

Boys

A
  • peak growth spurt achieved around 14 years
  • peak muscular development spurt around 16 years
  • increased growth in shoulders
  • increased muscle deposition
  • adult stature reached around 15.5 years
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9
Q

Hormones (genetic)

A

Heredity contributes significantly to the timing of biological changes that occur in puberty

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10
Q

Hormones (nutrition)

A
  • adipose tissue stimulates start of puberty
  • adipose tissue delays the start of puberty
  • during peak growth spurt boys require 2700 cal/day and girls require 2200 cal/day (dependent on body comp, growth rate, and activity level)
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11
Q

End of puberty

A
  • no distinct, agreed upon end of puberty

- possible markers: closure of epiphyseal plates and maximum height/adult stature achieved

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12
Q

Fine motor skills

A
  • negligible development in adolescence

- smooth, fluid arm and hand movemnts

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13
Q

Gross motor skills

A
  • refined calibration of movements

- refined and matured bilateral coordination of skills

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14
Q

Motor skill development

A
  • changes in motor skill performance correlate with physical growth
  • differences in physical performance for both genders are significantly affected by training
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15
Q

Exercise guidelines

A

Per CDC for teens

  • 60+ min of daily physical activity
  • 3 days/week mm strengthening
  • 3 days/week bone strengthening
  • 3 days/week aerobic activities
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16
Q

Piaget’s 4 stage

A

Formal operational stage

  • developed ability for abstract, systematic, and scientific thinking
  • dont need concrete items or objects
  • can evaluate logical statements without referring to real-world circumstances
  • cognitive skills allow for the transfer and adaptation of previously learned tasks to new environments
  • improved temporal organization
17
Q

Temporal organization

A

Ability to understand sequencing of time and plan an activity from start to finish

18
Q

Information processing

A

During ado

  • adult-like working memory, cognitive processing, and speed
  • adult-like knowledge and understanding: indirectly increases cognitive processing; as content knowledge increases, adolescents become more skilled at indetifying appropriate strategies for a specific task
  • problem solving more readily and analytically: better skilled at finding weaknesses in an argument, but dont always use skills efficiently
19
Q

Perspective taking

A

More complex thinking can lead to a distorted image of self and others

  • teenagers become quite concerned with what others think of them
  • 5 stages of perspective-taking
    1. Undifferentiated
    2. Social-informational
    3. Self-reflective
    4. Third person
    5. Societal
20
Q

Altered decision making

A
  • decreased rational thinking during decisions
  • limited ability to assess/predict possible outcomes
  • learning from mistakes to influence future decisions
  • limited ability to consider alternatives
  • emphasize short-term goals
21
Q

Vision of self

A

Becomes more complex, well organized, and more consistent with strengths and limitations

22
Q

Self esteem

A

Changes typically linked to peer relationships and athletic capacities
- varied community and extra-curricular activities give adolescents the apportunity to explore values and responsibilities

23
Q

Need for autonomy

A

A sense of oneself as a …

24
Q

Phases/statuses

A
  • diffusion
  • foreclosure
  • moratorium
  • achievement
25
Q

Adolescent egocentrism

A

The self-absorption that marks the teenage years

26
Q

Imaginary audience

A

The believe they are the focus of everyone else’s attention, belief that they are constantly being watched

27
Q

Personal fable

A

An inflated view of their own importance; their experience and feelings are unique

28
Q

Influences on adolescent development

A
  • peers - parents - media - ability to understand others
29
Q

Relationships and sexuality

A
  • intimacy, trust, and support are important
  • higher self-esteem and confidence linked to being involved in a romantic relationship
  • sexual behavior dominates thinking: different meaning for boys vs girls, STDs, pregnancy, sex-ed
30
Q

Workforce

A
  • career development begins during adolescence
  • crystallization occurs at about 13-14 years
  • at 18, teens enter specification
  • in early 20s, implementation occurs
  • most American adolescents have part-time jobs
31
Q

Drug use

A
  • 2/3 of seniors report alcohol use

- 1/3 teens report experiments with cigs

32
Q

Depression

A

Suicide is the third most frequent cause of death in US adolescents

33
Q

Delinquency

A
  • adolescent limited antisocial behavior
  • life-course persistent antisocial behavior
  • prevention

S2 PTA 105 G&D (11 decks)

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