Reflection and refraction Flashcards

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1
Q

the normal

A

a line drawn at 90 degrees to the mirror surface at the point that the arriving/incident ray meets the mirror

angles r and i are measured from this line

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2
Q

angle i and r

A

angle of incidence (between the incident ray and the normal)

angle of reflection/refraction (between the reflected ray and the normal)

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3
Q

incident ray and reflected ray

A

the ray of light that meets the mirror/substance

the reflected ray of light

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4
Q

law of reflection

A

angle i = angle r

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5
Q

refraction

A

change in direction of a light ray when it travels from one transparent material into another

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6
Q

Describe the effect of density on light rays in regards to the angle of incidence and reflection and wave speed

A

when light enters a more dense substance it bends towards the normal and slows down

when light enters a less dense substance it bends away from the normal and speeds up

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7
Q

What happens if a ray of light meets a material at 90 degrees?

A

nothing, it travels along the normal so the direction doesn’t change

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8
Q

Why does refraction happen?

A

because light waves travel at different directions at different speeds in different materials

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9
Q

State the law of reflection [1]

A

the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

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10
Q

Explain what happens during refraction [3]

A

the speed of the wave changes as it moves from one medium to another

its direction also changes unless it is travelling along the normal

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11
Q

A ray of light strikes a plane mirror at 42 degrees to the normal.

State the angle of reflection [1]

A

42 degrees

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12
Q

A ray of light is travelling through a glass block before entering into air. The angle of incidence in the glass block is 34 degrees.

Estimate the angle of refraction once it has entered the air and give a reason [2]

A

greater than 34 as it speeds up and bends away from the normal

(e.g. 45 degrees)

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13
Q

State the factors that influence the angle of refraction for a material [2]

A

the ratio of refractive indices wither side of the boundary

the optical density of the material

material and speed of waves in different materials

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14
Q

Describe how each of these change during refraction:

a) wave speed [2]
b) wavelength [2]
c) frequency [1]

A

a) speeds up when moving from more to less dense medium
b) decreases when moving from less dense to more dense material
c) no change

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