Red meat inspection and gross pathology Flashcards
List the statutory meat inspection protocols
Visual
Palpation
Incision
Variable with species and age
ex. Pigs & bovines <8 month: Visual inspection by default
Describe meat inspection in bovine >8mo, of the head, tongue and throat
- Incision and examination of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes, external masseters, 2 parallel incisions to the mandible, and the internal masseters
- When there are indications of a possible risk to human health, animal health or animal welfare: Incision and examination of the sub-maxillary and parotid lymph nodes; palpation of the tongue and fauces
Describe meat inspection in bovine >8mo, of the trachea, oesophagus and lungs
- Incision and examination of the bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, palpation of lungs
- When there are indications of a possible risk to human health, animal health or animal welfare: Incision of the bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes; lengthwise opening of the trachea and the main branches of the bronchi; the lungs shall be incised in their posterior third, perpendicular to their main axes if lungs for human consumption
Describe meat inspection in bovine >8mo, of the pericardium and heart
Only when there are indications of a possible risk to human health, animal health or animal welfare
- Lengthways incision of the heart so as to open the ventricles and cut through the interventricular septum
Describe meat inspection in bovine >8mo, of the liver and the hepatic and pancreatic lymph nodes
Only when there are indications of a possible risk to human health, animal health or animal welfare
- Palpation of the liver and the hepatic and pancreatic lymph nodes (Lnn. portales); incision of the gastric surface of the liver and at the base of the caudate lobe to examine the bile ducts
Describe meat inspection in bovine >8mo, of the gastro-intestinal tract, the mesentery, the gastric and mesenteric lymph nodes
+ palpation of the gastric and mesenteric lymph nodes
When there are indications of a possible risk to human health, animal health or animal welfare: incision of the gastric and mesenteric lymph nodes
Describe meat inspection in bovine >8mo, of the udder and its lymph nodes
Only hen there are indications of a possible risk to human health, animal health or animal welfare
- A palpation and incision of the udder and its lymph nodes (Lnn. supramammarii) in cows.
- Each half of the udder shall be opened by a long, deep incision as far as the lactiferous sinuses (sinus lactiferes) and the lymph nodes of the udder shall be incised, except where the udder is excluded from
Instead of testing a pork carcass for Trichinella what can be done?
Freezing the carcass
Minimum core temp -18 when treated for 106 hours
Minimum core temp of -37 when treated for 30 mins
How does Trichinella spiralis infection occur?
Zoonotic:
- Infection by consumption of undercooked meat
- Life-threatening to mild symptoms in 5-20 days
- More noticeable when outbreak
Case: Epulides seen in the mouth
What action would be taken?
- Wont affect what happens to the carcass in this case
- But shows welfare implications -> farm serious breech
OV will declare meat unfit for human consumption if it derives from animals slaughtered under the age of …?
7 days
The meat fitness decisions are made based on which factors?
- Zoonotic infection if ingested?
- Zoonotic risk but not by consumption of presented product?
- Systemic process: Immunosuppression etc
No zoonotic risk but: - Prevention of animal disease spread (ex. FMD)
- Meat quality (ex. Traumatic lesions)
- Aesthetics (ex. Cysticercus ovis)
List some generalised conditions which are considered unfit for human consumption
Septicaemia
Pyaemia
Jaundice
Emaciation
Toxaemia
Viraemia
Malignant tumours
How can a carcass be tested for ‘fit for human consumption’ if it has toxaemia?
Hold carcase for 24 hours and check by boiling/frying test
Unfit for human consumption if smell still present
Name an example Viraemia that would be considered unfit for human consumption
BVD: Bovine pestivirus
- Sx: ulceration oesophagus, base of tongue and soft palate
- Disease: Bovine virus diarrhoea / mucosal disease
- Most common in young cattle (6-24 mo old)
When is neoplasia not fit for human consumption?
When its malignant
Melanosis discoloration is disposed of as?
Category 3 ABP
What is the most common malignancy in cattle?
Sporadic Bovine Lymphosarcoma
How does Sporadic Bovine Lymphosarcoma present?
The cause is not known
It occurs in young cattle between 6 months and 2 years of age
There are two forms :
- Multicentric = In which all the lymph nodes are massively enlarged and replaced by white homogenous tumour tissue
- Thymic lymphosarcoma = In which there is a large swelling in both the cardiac and cervical parts of the thymus
What happens to a carcass with sporadic bovine lymphoma?
Unfit for human consumption
Name a zoonotic condition of pigs where changes are seen due to necrosis/infarction
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
How does the level of disease of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae influence the action taken on the carcass?
- Mild type - Diamonds visible on skin. Possible bacteraemia. Judgement: depending on lesions.
- Acute or septicaemic. Judgement: total rejection.
- Chronic: Arthritis, endocarditis, enlarged lymph nodes… Judgement: local or total rejection depending on severity and extension of the lesions.
If a pig carcass with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae has endocarditis, what action is taken?
Rejection of carcass due to emboli spread
What action is taken if a carcass has jaundice?
Unfit for human consumption
Yellow colour at the level of many tissues
