Red Eye Flashcards
For each of the following terms state what part of the eye is infected:
- Conjunctivitis
- Keratitis
- Uveitis
- Endophthalmitis
- Cellulitis
- Chorioretinitis
- Dacrocystitis
- Scleritis
- Episcleritis
Conjunctivitis - conjunctiva Keratitis - cornea Uveitis - uvea (middle layer of the eye inc. iris) Endophthalmitis - entire globe Cellulitis - skin Chorioretinitis - choroid and retina Dacrocystitis - lacrimal sac Scleritis - sclera Episcleritis - episclera between sclera and conjunctiva
What is chemosis?
Oedema of the conjunctiva which gives the eye a ‘boggy appearance’
What is the difference in the discharge that is present between: - bacterial - viral - allergic conjunctivitis?
Bacterial -> purulent
Viral -> watery
Allergic -> stringy + mucoid
What is the commonest cause of red eye?
Conjunctivitis
What type of conjunctivitis has the most sudden onset?
Bacterial
What advice should you give to contact wearing patients with conjunctivitis?
Stop wearing them during course of infection
What is a distinguishing feature of allergic conjunctivitis?
Itchy eyes
most likely to be a pollen allergy
Comment on the following 3 factors in the presentation of keratitis:
- pain
- visual defects
- foreign body sensation?
- v. painful
- photophobia (v. sensitive to bright light)
- foreign body sensation
Does keratitis present uni or bilaterally?
Unilaterally
Adenovirus - bilaterally
What eye infection is most likely to present bilaterally?
conjunctivitis
Keratitis is likely to affect everyone at some point in their lives. T/F
F - only likely to present in people who already have an abnormal cornea in some way (contact wearers etc.)
What should always be avoided in the treatment of viral keratitis?
NEVER treat with steroids -> corneal melt
What visual sign is present in viral keratitis?
Dendritic ulcers (seen on fluroescien)
HSV - typically lone
HZV - multiple
Snakey looking across cornea
Who is most likely to present with fungal keratitis?
People who work outside
abrasion from manual work and fungi has gotten in
What is a hypopyon and in what condition is it likely to present?
White inflitrate in the cornea
Keratitis
Match the diagnostic technique to when it would be used:
- Swabs
- Corneal scrapes
- Aqueous/vitreous culture
- Microscopy/culture
- Serology
- Bacterial/chlamydial/viral
- Bacterial keratitis
- Acanthamoeba
- Toxoplasma + toxocara
- Endopthalamitis
Swabs = bacterial/viral/chlamydial
Corneal scraps = bacterial keratitis
Aqueous/vitreous culture =
Microscopy/culture =
Serology = toxoplasma + toxocara
What are the 3 painless causes of red eye?
- Conjunctivitis
- Episcleritis
- Subconjunctival haemorrhage
How can keratitis lead to sight loss?
Corneal perforation can result
What is used to treat bacterial keratitis?
Ofloxacin
How can you differentiate between scleritis and episcleritis?
Episcleritis - not painful
Scleritis - painful on movement
How is episcleritis managed?
Relatively common - self limiting with no underlying cause
Patient presents to clinic with red eye, complains of sudden onset of deep aching pain which radiates to eyebrow and is exacberated by looking closely at objects.
What would be the best way to diagnose this condition?
Anterior uveitis
Slit lamp - will see WBC moving around in pupil
Refer to ophthalmology - treat with steroids
How is HSV caused keratitis treated?
5x daily - gavciclovir
What condition causes an entirely red eye that typically only presents post-op?
Endopthalmitis
What would you use to show corneal abrasion?
What are they given to aid heal?
Fluroescein
Chlorampherical ointment
What parts of the eye is affected in anterior uveitis?
Iris and ciliary body
How would the pupil present in uveitis?
Compare this to the pupil which you will get in closed angle glucoma?
- Small
- Fixed oval pupil
Fixed-dilated in closed angle glaucoma
