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Ophthalmology > Red Eye > Flashcards

Red Eye Flashcards

1
Q

For each of the following terms state what part of the eye is infected:

  • Conjunctivitis
  • Keratitis
  • Uveitis
  • Endophthalmitis
  • Cellulitis
  • Chorioretinitis
  • Dacrocystitis
  • Scleritis
  • Episcleritis
A 
Conjunctivitis - conjunctiva
Keratitis - cornea
Uveitis - uvea (middle layer of the eye inc. iris)
Endophthalmitis - entire globe
Cellulitis - skin
Chorioretinitis - choroid and retina
Dacrocystitis - lacrimal sac
Scleritis - sclera 
Episcleritis - episclera between sclera and conjunctiva
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2
Q

What is chemosis?

A

Oedema of the conjunctiva which gives the eye a ‘boggy appearance’

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3
Q 
What is the difference in the discharge that is present between:
- bacterial 
- viral 
- allergic
conjunctivitis?
A

Bacterial -> purulent
Viral -> watery
Allergic -> stringy + mucoid

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4
Q

What is the commonest cause of red eye?

A

Conjunctivitis

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5
Q

What type of conjunctivitis has the most sudden onset?

A

Bacterial

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6
Q

What advice should you give to contact wearing patients with conjunctivitis?

A

Stop wearing them during course of infection

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7
Q

What is a distinguishing feature of allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Itchy eyes

most likely to be a pollen allergy

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8
Q

Comment on the following 3 factors in the presentation of keratitis:

  • pain
  • visual defects
  • foreign body sensation?
A
  • v. painful
  • photophobia (v. sensitive to bright light)
  • foreign body sensation
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9
Q

Does keratitis present uni or bilaterally?

A

Unilaterally

Adenovirus - bilaterally

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10
Q

What eye infection is most likely to present bilaterally?

A

conjunctivitis

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11
Q

Keratitis is likely to affect everyone at some point in their lives. T/F

A

F - only likely to present in people who already have an abnormal cornea in some way (contact wearers etc.)

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12
Q

What should always be avoided in the treatment of viral keratitis?

A

NEVER treat with steroids -> corneal melt

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13
Q

What visual sign is present in viral keratitis?

A

Dendritic ulcers (seen on fluroescien)

HSV - typically lone
HZV - multiple

Snakey looking across cornea

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14
Q

Who is most likely to present with fungal keratitis?

A

People who work outside

abrasion from manual work and fungi has gotten in

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15
Q

What is a hypopyon and in what condition is it likely to present?

A

White inflitrate in the cornea

Keratitis

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16
Q

Match the diagnostic technique to when it would be used:

  • Swabs
  • Corneal scrapes
  • Aqueous/vitreous culture
  • Microscopy/culture
  • Serology
  • Bacterial/chlamydial/viral
  • Bacterial keratitis
  • Acanthamoeba
  • Toxoplasma + toxocara
  • Endopthalamitis
A

Swabs = bacterial/viral/chlamydial

Corneal scraps = bacterial keratitis

Aqueous/vitreous culture =

Microscopy/culture =

Serology = toxoplasma + toxocara

17
Q

What are the 3 painless causes of red eye?

A
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Episcleritis
  • Subconjunctival haemorrhage
18
Q

How can keratitis lead to sight loss?

A

Corneal perforation can result

19
Q

What is used to treat bacterial keratitis?

A

Ofloxacin

20
Q

How can you differentiate between scleritis and episcleritis?

A

Episcleritis - not painful

Scleritis - painful on movement

21
Q

How is episcleritis managed?

A

Relatively common - self limiting with no underlying cause

22
Q

Patient presents to clinic with red eye, complains of sudden onset of deep aching pain which radiates to eyebrow and is exacberated by looking closely at objects.

What would be the best way to diagnose this condition?

A

Anterior uveitis

Slit lamp - will see WBC moving around in pupil

Refer to ophthalmology - treat with steroids

23
Q

How is HSV caused keratitis treated?

A

5x daily - gavciclovir

24
Q

What condition causes an entirely red eye that typically only presents post-op?

A

Endopthalmitis

25
Q

What would you use to show corneal abrasion?

What are they given to aid heal?

A

Fluroescein

Chlorampherical ointment

26
Q

What parts of the eye is affected in anterior uveitis?

A

Iris and ciliary body

27
Q

How would the pupil present in uveitis?

Compare this to the pupil which you will get in closed angle glucoma?

A
  • Small
  • Fixed oval pupil

Fixed-dilated in closed angle glaucoma

Ophthalmology (18 decks)

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