Pharmacology Flashcards
Match the following:
Lipid soluble
water soluble
Penetrate stroma (toughest layer of cornea) Penetrate epithelium only
Lipid soluble (+ hydrophobic) = epithelium Water soluble (+ lipophobic) = stroma
(think of all the aqueous fluid that lies underneath the cornea - memory aid)
Which of the following is a hydrophobic and which is a hydrophilic steroid?
Prednisolone acetate
Prednisolone phosphate
Which one would you use for penetration into the cornea?
Acetate - hydrophobic (penetrate through epi)
Phosphate - hydrophilic
(sits on surface of epithelium)
Prednisolone acetate - penetrate into cornea (used post-op)
Why would patients get a nasty taste in back of mouth after taking eye drops?
Flows through punctum though lacrimal bone into nasal cavity
Some patients complain of systemic side effects as a result of taking medicated eyedrops. How can this be minimised?
Occlude the punctum after taking medicated eyedrops
What are the 2 different types of eye injection?
Subconjunctival
Subtenons
Intravitreal and intracameral
What is the side effect of injecting through the retina in intravitreal injections?
Puncture the retina and the retina falls off
What eye conditions can be caused by steroids?
Cataract
Glaucoma
What drugs are prescribed in allergic conjunctivitis?
Antihistamines
Mast cell stabilisers
In what condition are ABs given intravitreal?
Endophthalmitis (entire globe)
How are anti-VEGF injections used in wet macular degeneration?
Intravitreal
How is local anaesthetic inserted into the eye?
Eye drops
How do mydriatics work?
Block parasympathetic innervation to iris
Block sphincter pupillae
Dilates pupil
Name a mydriatic used before fundoscopy
Tropicamide
