Red Eye Flashcards
What is Conjunctivitis?
infection of the Conjunctiva
What causes Conjunctivitis?
Bacterial= Staph Aureus, Strep Pyogenes Viral= Adenovirus
What are the symptoms of Viral Conjunctivitis? (3)
Unilateral Itchiness, redness and watering
What are the symptoms of Bacterial Conjunctivitis? (3)
Unilateral redness, itchiness and Pus
What is the treatment for Bacterial Conjunctivitis?
Needs Antibiotic drops, probably Chloramphenicol and Fusidic Acid
What is the treatment of Viral Conjunctivitis?
Should resolve by itself, can use lubricating eye drops for comfort, wash hands as very infective
What is Seasonal Conjunctivitis?
Allergy to pollen, symptoms seen in both eyes
What is Perennial Conjunctivitis?
Allergy to mites and dust, symptoms seen in both eyes
What is Contact Dermato Conjunctivitis?
Allergy to eye drops/cosmetics, symptoms seen in both eyes
What is Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis?
Allergy to contact lenses, symptoms seen in both eyes
What is the difference between infective and allergic conjunctivitis?
In infective, symptoms are generally unilateral but in allergic symptoms are usually bilateral
What is a Corneal Ulcer?
An open sore on the surface of the Cornea
What causes a Corneal Ulcer?
Mostly due to Bacteria, generally Staphylococcus Aureus from the Skin (can also be trauma, fungal, parasites or viral (HSV))
Who is at risk of Corneal Ulcer?
Contact lens wearers because the lenses cause irritation creating slight damage to the epithelium
What are the symptoms of Corneal Ulcer?
Painful, redness, mild-severe discharge, vision loss
What is the treatment of Corneal Ulcer? (4)
Antibiotic drops e.g Chloramphenicol, Fusidic Acid or Gentamicin, avoid contact lenses, may need corneal transplant, use lubricating drops
What is Uveitis?
Inflammation of the Uvea which is the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer including the iris, ciliary body, choroid layer
What causes Uveitis?
Infection such as Lyme Disease and TB, Autoimmune conditions such as Crohn’s, Arthritis, Granulomatosis
What are the symptoms of Uveitis?
Glucocorticoid Eye drops e.g Prednisolone, Topical Cycloplegics e.g Atropine, Methotrexate (immunosuppression), Infection needs antibiotics
Is Uveitis Common?
Not really, it affects 1 in 4500 people
What is Episcleritis
Inflammation of the Superficial Episcleral Layer that nearly always requires systemic treatment
What causes Episcleritis?
Self-limiting and benign but it often related to systemic inflammatory conditions, it shows simple vascular congestion and nodular areas of inflammation
What are the Symptoms of Episcleritis?
Painful red eye, episcleral vessels can be moved with a cotton bud
What investigations are needed for Episcleritis?
CT, MRI and ultrasound to determine extent of involvement
What is the treatment of Episcleritis?
Artificial tears, NSAIDs, topical steroids
What is Scleritis?
Inflammation of the sclera which is much less common but a lot more serious
What causes Scleritis?
Rheumatoid Arthritis or Granulomatosis
What are the symptoms of Scleritis?
Painful red eye, immobile scleral vessels
What investigations are needed for scleritis?
CT, MRI and Ultrasound to determine the extent of involvement
What is the treatment for Scleritis?
Address any underlying causes, NSAIDs, Oral Prednisolone, Methotrexate, Infliximab
