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Opthalmology > Red Eye > Flashcards

Red Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is Conjunctivitis?

A

infection of the Conjunctiva

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2
Q

What causes Conjunctivitis?

A 
Bacterial= Staph Aureus, Strep Pyogenes
Viral= Adenovirus
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3
Q

What are the symptoms of Viral Conjunctivitis? (3)

A

Unilateral Itchiness, redness and watering

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of Bacterial Conjunctivitis? (3)

A

Unilateral redness, itchiness and Pus

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5
Q

What is the treatment for Bacterial Conjunctivitis?

A

Needs Antibiotic drops, probably Chloramphenicol and Fusidic Acid

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6
Q

What is the treatment of Viral Conjunctivitis?

A

Should resolve by itself, can use lubricating eye drops for comfort, wash hands as very infective

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7
Q

What is Seasonal Conjunctivitis?

A

Allergy to pollen, symptoms seen in both eyes

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8
Q

What is Perennial Conjunctivitis?

A

Allergy to mites and dust, symptoms seen in both eyes

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9
Q

What is Contact Dermato Conjunctivitis?

A

Allergy to eye drops/cosmetics, symptoms seen in both eyes

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10
Q

What is Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis?

A

Allergy to contact lenses, symptoms seen in both eyes

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11
Q

What is the difference between infective and allergic conjunctivitis?

A

In infective, symptoms are generally unilateral but in allergic symptoms are usually bilateral

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12
Q

What is a Corneal Ulcer?

A

An open sore on the surface of the Cornea

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13
Q

What causes a Corneal Ulcer?

A

Mostly due to Bacteria, generally Staphylococcus Aureus from the Skin (can also be trauma, fungal, parasites or viral (HSV))

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14
Q

Who is at risk of Corneal Ulcer?

A

Contact lens wearers because the lenses cause irritation creating slight damage to the epithelium

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of Corneal Ulcer?

A

Painful, redness, mild-severe discharge, vision loss

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16
Q

What is the treatment of Corneal Ulcer? (4)

A

Antibiotic drops e.g Chloramphenicol, Fusidic Acid or Gentamicin, avoid contact lenses, may need corneal transplant, use lubricating drops

17
Q

What is Uveitis?

A

Inflammation of the Uvea which is the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer including the iris, ciliary body, choroid layer

18
Q

What causes Uveitis?

A

Infection such as Lyme Disease and TB, Autoimmune conditions such as Crohn’s, Arthritis, Granulomatosis

19
Q

What are the symptoms of Uveitis?

A

Glucocorticoid Eye drops e.g Prednisolone, Topical Cycloplegics e.g Atropine, Methotrexate (immunosuppression), Infection needs antibiotics

20
Q

Is Uveitis Common?

A

Not really, it affects 1 in 4500 people

21
Q

What is Episcleritis

A

Inflammation of the Superficial Episcleral Layer that nearly always requires systemic treatment

22
Q

What causes Episcleritis?

A

Self-limiting and benign but it often related to systemic inflammatory conditions, it shows simple vascular congestion and nodular areas of inflammation

23
Q

What are the Symptoms of Episcleritis?

A

Painful red eye, episcleral vessels can be moved with a cotton bud

24
Q

What investigations are needed for Episcleritis?

A

CT, MRI and ultrasound to determine extent of involvement

25
Q

What is the treatment of Episcleritis?

A

Artificial tears, NSAIDs, topical steroids

26
Q

What is Scleritis?

A

Inflammation of the sclera which is much less common but a lot more serious

27
Q

What causes Scleritis?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis or Granulomatosis

28
Q

What are the symptoms of Scleritis?

A

Painful red eye, immobile scleral vessels

29
Q

What investigations are needed for scleritis?

A

CT, MRI and Ultrasound to determine the extent of involvement

30
Q

What is the treatment for Scleritis?

A

Address any underlying causes, NSAIDs, Oral Prednisolone, Methotrexate, Infliximab

Opthalmology (11 decks)

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