Occular Emergencies Flashcards
What is Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma?
When the fluid pressure in the eye rises quickly due to blockage of drainage of Aqueous Humour via the Anterior Chamber Angle
What is the risk of Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma?
As pressure builds, it presses on the optic nerve and starves it of oxygen causing damage
What are the symptoms of Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma? (5)
Sudden Severe eye pain, red eye, reduced/blurred vision, nausea, vomiting
What is the treatment for Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma? (4)
Beta Blocker and Steroid Eye drops, Injected Azetazolamide, Peripheral Iridotomy
What is Orbital Cellulitis?
Inflammation of the orbital tissues behind the orbital septum generally caused by infection
What is the infective cause in Orbital Cellulitis?
Normally Haemophilus Influenzae that spreads from the sinuses or blood
What are the symptoms of Orbital Cellulitis? (8)
Pain, swelling of upper and lower eyelids, pain in cheek/eyebrow, bulging eye, decreased vision, pain when moving the eye, fever, shiny red eyelid
What is the treatment of Orbital Cellulitis?
Antibiotics, may need surgical drainage if an abscess is present
What is Giant Cell Arteritis?
An autoimmune condition in which the tunica intima of medium sized arteries become inflammed
What arteries are affected in GCA?
Normally the Temporal and Optic Arteries
What can be seen in the Arteries in GCA?
Abnormally large cells form which gives it the name
What are the symptoms of GCA?
Tender to touch, visual disturbance, amourosis fugax, jaw claudication
What is the treatment for GCA?
Large dose of Prednisolone is needed urgently
When should a chemical injury be treated?
Straight away, treatment must begin before a history has even been taken
What is the treatment for a Chemical Injury? (3)
Irrigation with Saline for 15-30 minutes, check pH using litmus every 5 mins, local anaesthetic drops applied every 5 minutes
