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Opthalmology > Gradual Vision Loss > Flashcards

Gradual Vision Loss Flashcards

1
Q

What is Myopia?

A

Near sightedness so distant objects appear blurry (eyeball is too long)

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2
Q

What is Hypermetropia?

A

Far-sightedness so close objects appear blurry (eyeball is too short)

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3
Q

Whats is a cataract?

A

Degradation and degeneration of lens proteins resulting in clouding and blurred vision, glare is often the main symptom

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4
Q

Is cataracts common?

A

Yes very, if causes half of global blindess

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5
Q

How is cataracts treated?

A

Lens replacement

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6
Q

What is Open Angle Glaucoma?

A

Intraocular pressure greater than 21mmHg due to reduced flow of aqueous humour so the fluid builds up

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7
Q

What causes Open Angle Glaucoma?

A

Degeneration of the trabecular network

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8
Q

What is the risk of open angle glaucoma?

A

Causes optic neuropathy

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of open angle glaucoma?

A

Often asymptomatic

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10
Q

What is the treatment of Open Angle Glaucoma?

A

Beta blocker drops and prostaglandin analogues e.g Pilocarpine

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11
Q

What is Wet Macular Degeneration?

A

Neovascularisation under the macula resulting in loss of central vision

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12
Q

What is the treatment of Wet MD?

A

Anti VGEF injections to prevent further neovascularisation

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13
Q

What is Dry Macular Degeneration?

A

When the macula is damaged by deposits of drusen (cellular exudates from cones) causing loss of central vision

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14
Q

What is the treatment of dry MD?

A

No treatment

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15
Q

What causes Macula Degeneration?

A

Age related

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16
Q

What is Retinitis Pigmentosa?

A

Inherited degenerative eye disease of the Rod Photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium and the cones

17
Q

What are the symptoms of Retinitis Pigmentosa?

A

Severe vision loss, decreased night vision, tunnel vision, poor colour vision, eventual blindness

18
Q

What causes Retinitis Pigmentosa?

A

Mutated RP gene

19
Q

What is the treatment for Retinitis Pigmentosa?

A

Currently no cure but use Vitamin A, DHA and Lutein

20
Q

What is compression of the optic pathway?

A

Compression anywhere along the optic nerve

21
Q

What causes optic compression?

A

Any lesion along the pathway e.g Optic Glioma

22
Q

What are the symptoms of Optic Compression?

A

Reduced visual acuity, dyschromatopsia, visual field defect, optic atrophy

23
Q

What is the treatment for Optic Compression?

A

Treat the underlying issue and give corticosteroids

24
Q

How do amphetimines affect the eye?

A

Prevent the pupil from focusing

25
Q

How does cocaine affect the eye?

A

An anasethetic

26
Q

How does Heroin affect the eye?

A

Causes constricted vessels and pupils resulting in blurred vision

Opthalmology (11 decks)

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