Red eye 3 Flashcards
What is endophthalmitis ?
Infection of the inside of the eye
When does endophthalmitis usually occur ?
Following surgery on the eye
What is the typical presentation of endophthalmitis ?
- Very red eye
- Very painful
- Decreasing vision
What is the main organism which causes endophthalmitis ?
Staph.aureus
What is the treatment of endophthalmitis ?
Intravitreal anickan and vancomycin + topical antibiotics
What is anterior uveitis/iritis ?
Inflammation of the middle layer of the eye (anterior uvea = iris and ciliary body)
What are the causes of anterior uveitis/iritis ?
- Autoimmune - IBD, Ankylosing spondylitis, sarcodosis (may cause bilateral) etc
- Infective - TB, syphalis, herpes
- Idiopathic
- Traumatic
- Malignancy - leukaemia
What condition which results in red eye is strongly linked to autoimmune conditions such as IBD and ankylosing spondilitis ?
Anterior uveitis/iritis
What are the symptoms/signs of anterior uveitis/iritis ?
- Acute onset
- Pain
- Small or irregular pupil which later may become large and irregular
- Photophobia (often intense)
- Decreased visual acuity (initially normal then becomes impaired)/ blurring of vision
- Red eye - circumcorneal
- May have hypopyon = pus in anterior chamber
- No discharge
How is anterior uveitis diagnosed ?
- Has a positive talbots test = increased pain as eyes converge
- Slit lamp examination - cells etc in anterior chamber
What is the tx of anterior uveitis ?
- Ophthalmology review
- Steroid eye drops + cycloplegics (dilates the pupil which helps to relieve pain and photophobia) e.g. Atropine, cyclopentolate
What is episcleritis ?
- Inflammation of the area between the conjunctiva and sclera
- This condition is relatively self-limiting and benign
What are the symptoms/signs of episcleritis ?
- Red eye
- Classically not painful (in comparison to scleritis), but mild pain may be present
- Visual acuity ok
- Lacrimation and mild photophobia
- The injected vessels are mobile when gentle pressure is applied on the sclera
- If eye redness improves after phenylephrine drops a diagnosis of episcleritis can be made
- Nodules may occur
What is the treatment of episcleritis ?
- It is usually just self-limiting
- Can give topical or systemic NSAID’s
What is scleritis ?
Inflammation of the sclera
What is shown in the pic ?
Episcleritis/scleritis
