Red Cards Flashcards
Sedition Act
This law made it illegal to criticize the president or Congress, and imposed a heavy fine or a threat of imprisonment upon violators, such as editors of newspapers.
Strict Constructionist
This describes one who believes in the strict interpretation of a document. This described Thomas Jefferson in relation to the Constitution.
Central Government
This government’s power exceeds the power of the states. This was strongly supported by James Madison
Compact Theory
This belief is based on the idea that the federal government was formed because of a compact between states.
The Morrill Land Grant of 1862
This gave federal lands to states for the purpose of building schools that would teach agriculture and technical trades.
The Homestead Act of 1862
This granted 160 acres to any family that would agree to farm it for at least five years.
Writ of Habeas Corpus
This means that the federal government cannot hold an individual in jail without levying charges against him or her.
Factions
Another term used for political parties. It was the fear of leaders such as George Washington that these parties would prevent a strong, unified government.
Judiciary Act of 1801
Was passed before the Congress was to be turned over to the majority Republicans. It created 16 new judgeships.
Napoleonic War
This war consisted in large part of the British and French punishing each other by issuing decrees that would blockade trade into one another’s ports.
Tecumseh and the Prophet
These Shawnee brothers organized a large native confederacy to pervent the American advance westward.
Essex Junto
Aaron Burr joined this. It was a small group of radical Federalists. They were plotting for a New England state secession from the Union.
Andrew Jackson
This general led the Southern troops against the British in 1814. He and his men cut through the British from Alabama to New Orleans and stopped the English attempt to control the Mississippi River at the Battle of New Orleans. This man emerged as an American war hero.
Battle of New Orleans
Battle led by Andrew Jackson. Stopped the English attempt to control the Mississippi River. This battle fought two weeks after the signing of the peace treaty that ended the war.
Pinckney Treaty
Treaty that settled the boundaries and navigation rights along the Mississippi River and provided for the right of deposit at the Port of New Orleans. Essentially removed Spain as a threat to American settlement. It unanimously was ratified by Congress 1796.
Elastic Clause
Clause in the Constitution granted Congress “implied powers” to pass laws that were “necessary and proper” to run the country effectively. Hamilton used this clause to argue in support of the creation of the Bank of the United States.
Seperation of Powers
Central idea behind having three independent branches of government: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
Scorched Earth
Policy that was instigated by Union leader William Tecumseh Sherman. It required troops to burn and destroy fields, homes and cities as the marched through Georgia. His goal was to inflict such misery on Southerners and compel them to surrender.
Thirteenth Amendment
This amendment calls for the abolition of slavery. Lincoln worked tirelessly to gain enough votes in Congress for it to become an amendment. Lincoln was assassinated before the ratification of it. The newly freed African Americans now had to find a place in the American social structure.
Battle of Tippecanoe
Battle which took place in present-day Indiana prior to the War of 1812. General Harrison sought to break up a large native confederacy that Tecumseh and the Prophet had organized. Harrison and his men successfully fought back a surprise attack and won.
Lewis and Clark
Explorers appointed by President Jefferson to explore the newly acquired Lousiana Territory. They kept meticulous field notes and drawings of the flora and fauna, as well as detailed accounts of encounters with native tribes.
Antietam
Union commander McClellan, who had advanced knowledge of Confederate battle plans, cut Lee of at this battle. It was the bloodiest day of the Civil War. It kept the Confederates from gaining much-needed assistance from Britain and France. This was the victory Lincoln looked for to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
Tripolitan Wars
War fought between 1801 and 1805. Started when Barbary pirates in North Africa seized American ships. Washington and Adams payed a protection fee which Jefferson refused when he took office resulting in the four-year fight
Hartford Convention
Meeting comprised of a radical group of New England Federalists which met to discuss ways to demand the federal government pay them for the loss of trade due to the Embargo Act, Macon’s Bill No. 2, and War of 1812. They also discussed a one-term limit for president, 2/3 vote for embargo declaration if war and admission of states, also an end to the 3/5 Compromise
John Marshall
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. During his career, he had ruled a law passed by Congress to be unconstitutional, thereby establishing judicial review.
Burr Conspiracy
Secession plot arose in 1806. Plan was to wrest Mexico from the Spaniards and join it with the Louisiana Territory to create a new country in the west. Jefferson had the plotter trailed for treason but was freed due to no credible witnesses.
