Final Review Flashcards
The existence of a single original continent has been proved by the presence of
The discovery of nearly identical species of fish in long-separated freshwater lakes throughout the world
The ideals that the colonists cherished as synonymous with American life included reverence for all of the following except
Opposition to slavery
Which of the following mountain ranges was probably created before the continental desperation, approximately 350 million years ago?
The Appalachians
What was not a feature created in North America ten thousand years ago when the glaciers retreated?
The Grand Canyon
Most likely the first Americans were
People who crossed the land bridge from Eurasia to North America
Some of the more advanced Native American cultures did all of the following except
Engage in significant ocean voyages of discovery
The crop that became the staple of life in Mexico and South America was
Corn
Native American civilization was least highly developed in
North America
The development of “three sister” farming on the southeast Atlantic seaboard
Produced a rich dirt that led to high population densities
The origins of the modern plantation system can be found in the
European feudal system
The stage set for a cataclysmic shift in the course of history when
Europeans clamored for more and cheaper products from Asia, Africa was estaba he’s as a source of slave labor, the Portuguese demonstrated the feasibility of long-range ocean navigation, and the Renaissance nurtured a spirit of optimism and adventure
European explorers introduced ______ into the New World.
Smallpox
The institution of encomienda allowed the
European governments to give Indians to colonists if they promised to Christianize them
As a result of Pope’s Rebellion in 1680, the
Pueblo Indians destroyed every Catholic Church in the province of New Mexico
The first English attempt at colonization in 1586 was in
Roanoke Island
The ______ decreed that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates
Laws of primogeniture
The financial means for England’s first permanent colonization in America were provided by
A joint-stock company
The guarantee that English settlers in the New World would retain the “rights of Englishman” proved to be
The foundation for American liberties
Captain John Smith’s role at Jamestown can be best described as
Saving the colony from collapse
When Lord De La Warr took control of Jamestown in 1610, he
Imposed harsh military regime on the colony
A peace settlement ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614 by the
Marriage of Pocahontas to the colonist John Rolfe
The introduction of horses brought about significant change in the lives of the Lakotas, from this they
Became nomadic hunters
The cultivation of tobacco in Jamestown resulted in all of the following except
A great demand for controlled labor
In 1649, Maryland’s Act of Toleration
Guaranteed toleration to all Christians
Tobacco was considered a poor man’s crop because
It could be produced easily and quickly
Sugar was called a rich man’s crop for all of the following reasons except that it
Could be purchased only by the wealthy
North Carolina and Rhode Island were similar in that they
Were the two most democratic colonies
The Iroquois leader who helped his nation revive its old customs was
Handsome Lake
By 1750, all the southern plantation colonies
Based their economies on the production of staple crops for export, practices slavery, provided tax support for the Church of England, and had few large cities
Colonists in both the North and South established differences in all of the following except
Allegiance to England
Predestination
Belief that from the moment of creation some souls were “saved” and others “damned”
Conversion
The sign of receipt of God’s free gift of saving grace
Antinomianism
Belief that those whom God had marked for salvation need not obey secular laws
Plymouth
Mayflower Compact
Connecticut
Fundamental Orders
Massachusetts Bay
General Court
All of the following were true of the Pilgrims except they
Arrived at their original destination with no casualties
Unlike the Seperatists, the Puritans
Remained members of the Church of England
Among the Puritans, it was understood that
The purpose of government was the enforce God’s laws
According to Anne Hutchinson, a dissenter in Massachusetts Bay
The truly saved need not bother to obey the laws of God or man
As the founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams
Established complete religious freedom for all
Settlers of the Connecticut River colony developed a document known as the Fundamental Orders, which
Established a regime democratically controlled by “substantial” citizens
King Philip’s War resulted in
The last defeat of New England’s Indians
The Dominion of New England
Included all the New England colonies, was created by the English government to streamline the administration of its colonies, was designed to bolster colonial defense, and eventually included New York and east and west New Jersey
As a result of Sir Edmund Andro’s rule
The power of town meetings was curbed, officials tried to enforce the Navigation Laws, taxes were levied without consent of elected representatives, and smuggling was suppressed
The Dutch colony of New Neterland (later New York)
Was established for its quick profit of fit trading
Indian policy in early Pennsylvania can be best described as
Benevolent
The picture of colonial America is emerging from new scholarship is a society formed by
Encounters with native people, European heritage, many intertwining roots, and American heritage
In the seventeenth century, due to a high death rate, families were both few and fragile in
The Chesapeake colonies
During the seventeenth century, indentured servitude solved the labor problem in many English colonies for all of the following reasons except that
Spain had stopped sending slaves to its New World colonies
The headright system, which made some people very wealthy, consisted of
Giving the right to acquire fifty acres of land to the person paying passage of a laborer to America
English yeoman who agreed to exchange their labor temporarily in return for payment of their passage to an American colony were called
Indentured servants
Bacon’s Rebellion was supported mainly by
Young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land
As a result of Bacon’s Rebellion
Planters began to look for less troublesome laborers
All of the following reasons are reasons for increased reliance on slave labor, after 1860, in colonial America except
The numbers of indentured servants continued to increase in the colonies
The Puritan system of Congregational church government logically led to
Democracy in political government
Thomas Jefferson once observed that “the best school of political liberty the world ever saw” was the
New England town meeting
The Half-Way Covenant
Admitted to baptism, but not full membership, the unconverted children of existing members
The Salem witchcraft trials were
The result of unsettled social and religious conditions in rapidly evolving Massachusetts
As a result of poor soil, all of the following conditions prevailed in New England except that
Reliance on a single, staple crop became a necessity
The New England economy depended heavily on
Fishing, shipbuilding, and commerce
The English justified taking land from the native inhabitants on the grounds that the Indians
Wasted the earth
The late-seventeenth-century rebellion in New York was headed by _______, whereas that incmaryland led by ________.
Jacob Leisler, Protestants
With regard to government authority, the Scots-Irish colonists
Cherished no love for the British or any other government
An armed march in Philadelphia in 1764, protesting the Quaker oligarchy’s lenient policy toward the Indians was known as
March of the Paxton Boys
In North Carolina, spearheaded by the Scotch-Irish, a small insurrection against eastern domination of the colony’s affair was known as
Regulator Movement
When several colonial legislatures attempted to restrict or halt the importation of slaves, British authorities
Vetoed such efforts
By the eighteenth century, the various colonial regions had distinct economic identities: the northern colonies relied on _______, the Chesapeake colonies relied on ______, and the southern colonies relied on _______.
Cattle and grain, tobacco, rice and indigo
Although manufacturing in the colonies was only secondary importance, they did produce?
Rum, beaver hats, lumber, and iron
When the British Parliament passed the Molasses Act in 1733, it intended the act to
Inhibit colonial trade with the with the French West Indies
Colonial American taverns were all of the following except
Frequented mainly by the lower class
English officials tried to establish the Church of England in as many colonies as possibly because
The church would act as a major prop for royal authority
The religious doctrine of the Armenians held that
Individual free will determined a person’s eternal fate
The Great Awakening
Undermined the prestige of the learned clergy in the colonies, split colonial churches into several competing denominations, led to the founding of Princeton Dartmouth and Rutgers colleges, and was the first spontaneous mass movement of the American people
John Trumball
From Connecticut and was discouraged by his father as a youth, “Connecticut is not Athens.”
Charles Wilson Peale
Best known for his portraits of George Washington, ran a museum, stuffed birds, and practiced dentistry
Benjamin West
Close friend of George III and official court painter, was buried in London’s St. Paul’s Cathedral
John Singleton Copley
Regarded as a Loyalist during the Revolutionary War
All of the following are achievements of Benjamin Franklin except
Influential poetry
Colonial legislatures were often able to bend the power of the governors to their will because
Colonial legislatures controlled taxes and expenditures that paid the governors’ salaries
The soldier and explorer whose leadership earned him the title “Father of New France” was
Samuel de Champlain
The once fails me resource in New France was
Beavers
The coureurs de bois were
French fur trappers
The French wanted to control Louisiana because they
Would then control the mouth of the Mississippi
The class between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control of
The Ohio River Valley
The reason France needed to control the Ohio Valley was to
Link its Canadian holdings with those of the lower Mississippi Valley
Benjamin Franklin published his Pennsylvania Gazette his most famous cartoon of the colonial era, a disjointed snake, which
Promoted the idea that America, if they did not accept the Albany Plan, would be cut apart and die
In the peace arrangements that ended the Seven Years’ War
France surrendered all of its territorial claims to North America
For the American colonies, the Seven Years’ War
Ended the myth of British invincibility
The Proclamation of 1763 was designed mainly to
Work out a fair settlement of the Indian problem
In the wake of the Proclamation of 1763
American colonists moved west, defying the Proclamation
The American colonial exponents of republicanism argued that a just society depends on
A willingness to subordinate private interests to the common good
The radical Whigs feared
The arbitrary power of the monarchy
Not one of the original thirteen colonies except _____ was formally planted by the British government
Georgia
Under the mercantilist doctrine, the American colonies were expected to do all of the following except
Become economically self-sufficient as soon as possible
Before 1763, the Navigation Laws
Were only loosely enforced in the American colonies
All of the following were direct benefits reaped by the Americans from the mercantile system of Britain except
British allowed the Americans to freely trade with other countries and compete on the open market
Sugar Act
First British law intended to raise revenues in the colonies
Stamp Act
Generated the most protest in the colonies
Declatory Act
Asserted Parliament’s absolute power over the colonies
Passage of the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act
Convinced many colonists that the British were trying to take away their historic liberty
Virtual representation meant that
Every member of paiament represented all British subjects
Samuel Adams
A pamphleteer who first organized committees to exchange ideas and information on resisting British policy
John Adams
A Massachusetts pinto ian who opposed the moderates’ solution to the imperial crisis at the First Continental Convention
Crispus Attucks
A casualty of the Boston Massacre
The local committees of correspondence organized by Samuel Adams
Kept opposition to the British alive, through exchange of propaganda
When Parliament passed the Tea Act, colonists
Suspected that it was a trick to get them to violate their principle of “No taxation without representation”
The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American colonies because it did all of the following except
Deny the French the right to retain many of their old customs
The First Continental Congress was called in order to
Consider ways of redressing colonial grievances
All of the following were weaknesses of the British military during the War for Independence except
Soldiers who were incapable of fighting effectively
The colonists faced all of the following weaknesses in the War for Independence except
The use of numerous European officers
African Americans during the Revolutionary War
Fought for both the Americans and the British
Arrange in order: (A) fighting at Lexington and Concord, (B) convening of the Second Continental Congress, (C) publication of Common Sense, (D) adoption of the Declaration of Independence
A, B, C, D
In May 1775, a tiny American force under Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold captured the British garrisons at Ft. Ticonderoga and Crown Point in upper New York. What did the Americans secure as a result of this victory?
A priceless store of gunpowder and artillery for the siege of Boston was secured
The Olive Branch Petition
Professed American loyalty to the crown
In a republic, power
Comes from the people themselves
Examples of colonial experience with self-governance, which prepared Americans for a republic, included all of the following except
Militia service
Which individual privately advocated equity for women?
Abigail Adams
The Declaration of Independence did all if the following except
Offer the British one last chance at reconciliation
Emanuel Leutze’s 1851 painting Washington Crossing the Delaware celebrates what event?
Surprise attack on the Hessians in New Jersey
Continental army officers attempting to form the Society of Cincinnati
Were ridiculed for their lordly pretensions
The world’s first antislavery society was founded by
Quakers in Philadelphia
As part of the egalitarian movement of the American Revolution
Several northern states abolished slavery
The Founders failed to eliminate slavery because
A fight over slavery might destroy national unity
The most important outcome of the Revolution for white women was that they
Were elevated as special keepers of the nation’s conscience
One reason that the United States avoided the frightful excesses of the French Revolution is that
Cheap land was easily available and America had few landed aristocrats
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Established a procedure for governing the Old Northwest territory
The Land Ordinance of 1785 provided for all of the following except
Prohibiting slavery
Shays’s Rebellion was provoked by
Foreclosures on the mortgages of backcountry farmers
The issue that finally touched off the movement toward the Constitutional Convention was
Control of commerce
The delegate whose contributions to the Philadelphia Convention were so notable that he had been called the “Father of the Constitution” was
James Madison
The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention worked out an acceptable scheme for
Apportioning congressional representation
The Constitutional Convention addressed the North-South controversy over slavery through the
Three-fifths compromise
The antifederalist camp included all of the following groups except
Supporters of a strong central authority
Among other views, The Federalist, written during the ratification debate, argued that it was
Possible to extend a republican form of government over a large territory
Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of Treasury
Henry Knox
Secretary of War
John Jay
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
The Bill of Rights was intended to protect ______ against the potential tyranny of _______.
Individual liberties, a strong central government
All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights except
The right to vote for all citizens
The ______ Amendment might rightly be called the states’ rights amendments.
Tenth
