Final Review Flashcards
The existence of a single original continent has been proved by the presence of
The discovery of nearly identical species of fish in long-separated freshwater lakes throughout the world
The ideals that the colonists cherished as synonymous with American life included reverence for all of the following except
Opposition to slavery
Which of the following mountain ranges was probably created before the continental desperation, approximately 350 million years ago?
The Appalachians
What was not a feature created in North America ten thousand years ago when the glaciers retreated?
The Grand Canyon
Most likely the first Americans were
People who crossed the land bridge from Eurasia to North America
Some of the more advanced Native American cultures did all of the following except
Engage in significant ocean voyages of discovery
The crop that became the staple of life in Mexico and South America was
Corn
Native American civilization was least highly developed in
North America
The development of “three sister” farming on the southeast Atlantic seaboard
Produced a rich dirt that led to high population densities
The origins of the modern plantation system can be found in the
European feudal system
The stage set for a cataclysmic shift in the course of history when
Europeans clamored for more and cheaper products from Asia, Africa was estaba he’s as a source of slave labor, the Portuguese demonstrated the feasibility of long-range ocean navigation, and the Renaissance nurtured a spirit of optimism and adventure
European explorers introduced ______ into the New World.
Smallpox
The institution of encomienda allowed the
European governments to give Indians to colonists if they promised to Christianize them
As a result of Pope’s Rebellion in 1680, the
Pueblo Indians destroyed every Catholic Church in the province of New Mexico
The first English attempt at colonization in 1586 was in
Roanoke Island
The ______ decreed that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates
Laws of primogeniture
The financial means for England’s first permanent colonization in America were provided by
A joint-stock company
The guarantee that English settlers in the New World would retain the “rights of Englishman” proved to be
The foundation for American liberties
Captain John Smith’s role at Jamestown can be best described as
Saving the colony from collapse
When Lord De La Warr took control of Jamestown in 1610, he
Imposed harsh military regime on the colony
A peace settlement ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614 by the
Marriage of Pocahontas to the colonist John Rolfe
The introduction of horses brought about significant change in the lives of the Lakotas, from this they
Became nomadic hunters
The cultivation of tobacco in Jamestown resulted in all of the following except
A great demand for controlled labor
In 1649, Maryland’s Act of Toleration
Guaranteed toleration to all Christians
Tobacco was considered a poor man’s crop because
It could be produced easily and quickly
Sugar was called a rich man’s crop for all of the following reasons except that it
Could be purchased only by the wealthy
North Carolina and Rhode Island were similar in that they
Were the two most democratic colonies
The Iroquois leader who helped his nation revive its old customs was
Handsome Lake
By 1750, all the southern plantation colonies
Based their economies on the production of staple crops for export, practices slavery, provided tax support for the Church of England, and had few large cities
Colonists in both the North and South established differences in all of the following except
Allegiance to England
Predestination
Belief that from the moment of creation some souls were “saved” and others “damned”
Conversion
The sign of receipt of God’s free gift of saving grace
Antinomianism
Belief that those whom God had marked for salvation need not obey secular laws
Plymouth
Mayflower Compact
Connecticut
Fundamental Orders
Massachusetts Bay
General Court
All of the following were true of the Pilgrims except they
Arrived at their original destination with no casualties
Unlike the Seperatists, the Puritans
Remained members of the Church of England
Among the Puritans, it was understood that
The purpose of government was the enforce God’s laws
According to Anne Hutchinson, a dissenter in Massachusetts Bay
The truly saved need not bother to obey the laws of God or man
As the founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams
Established complete religious freedom for all
Settlers of the Connecticut River colony developed a document known as the Fundamental Orders, which
Established a regime democratically controlled by “substantial” citizens
King Philip’s War resulted in
The last defeat of New England’s Indians
The Dominion of New England
Included all the New England colonies, was created by the English government to streamline the administration of its colonies, was designed to bolster colonial defense, and eventually included New York and east and west New Jersey
As a result of Sir Edmund Andro’s rule
The power of town meetings was curbed, officials tried to enforce the Navigation Laws, taxes were levied without consent of elected representatives, and smuggling was suppressed
The Dutch colony of New Neterland (later New York)
Was established for its quick profit of fit trading
Indian policy in early Pennsylvania can be best described as
Benevolent
The picture of colonial America is emerging from new scholarship is a society formed by
Encounters with native people, European heritage, many intertwining roots, and American heritage
In the seventeenth century, due to a high death rate, families were both few and fragile in
The Chesapeake colonies
During the seventeenth century, indentured servitude solved the labor problem in many English colonies for all of the following reasons except that
Spain had stopped sending slaves to its New World colonies
The headright system, which made some people very wealthy, consisted of
Giving the right to acquire fifty acres of land to the person paying passage of a laborer to America
English yeoman who agreed to exchange their labor temporarily in return for payment of their passage to an American colony were called
Indentured servants
Bacon’s Rebellion was supported mainly by
Young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land
As a result of Bacon’s Rebellion
Planters began to look for less troublesome laborers
All of the following reasons are reasons for increased reliance on slave labor, after 1860, in colonial America except
The numbers of indentured servants continued to increase in the colonies
The Puritan system of Congregational church government logically led to
Democracy in political government
Thomas Jefferson once observed that “the best school of political liberty the world ever saw” was the
New England town meeting
The Half-Way Covenant
Admitted to baptism, but not full membership, the unconverted children of existing members
The Salem witchcraft trials were
The result of unsettled social and religious conditions in rapidly evolving Massachusetts
As a result of poor soil, all of the following conditions prevailed in New England except that
Reliance on a single, staple crop became a necessity
The New England economy depended heavily on
Fishing, shipbuilding, and commerce
The English justified taking land from the native inhabitants on the grounds that the Indians
Wasted the earth
The late-seventeenth-century rebellion in New York was headed by _______, whereas that incmaryland led by ________.
Jacob Leisler, Protestants
With regard to government authority, the Scots-Irish colonists
Cherished no love for the British or any other government
An armed march in Philadelphia in 1764, protesting the Quaker oligarchy’s lenient policy toward the Indians was known as
March of the Paxton Boys
In North Carolina, spearheaded by the Scotch-Irish, a small insurrection against eastern domination of the colony’s affair was known as
Regulator Movement
When several colonial legislatures attempted to restrict or halt the importation of slaves, British authorities
Vetoed such efforts
By the eighteenth century, the various colonial regions had distinct economic identities: the northern colonies relied on _______, the Chesapeake colonies relied on ______, and the southern colonies relied on _______.
Cattle and grain, tobacco, rice and indigo
Although manufacturing in the colonies was only secondary importance, they did produce?
Rum, beaver hats, lumber, and iron
When the British Parliament passed the Molasses Act in 1733, it intended the act to
Inhibit colonial trade with the with the French West Indies
Colonial American taverns were all of the following except
Frequented mainly by the lower class
English officials tried to establish the Church of England in as many colonies as possibly because
The church would act as a major prop for royal authority
The religious doctrine of the Armenians held that
Individual free will determined a person’s eternal fate
The Great Awakening
Undermined the prestige of the learned clergy in the colonies, split colonial churches into several competing denominations, led to the founding of Princeton Dartmouth and Rutgers colleges, and was the first spontaneous mass movement of the American people
John Trumball
From Connecticut and was discouraged by his father as a youth, “Connecticut is not Athens.”
Charles Wilson Peale
Best known for his portraits of George Washington, ran a museum, stuffed birds, and practiced dentistry
Benjamin West
Close friend of George III and official court painter, was buried in London’s St. Paul’s Cathedral
John Singleton Copley
Regarded as a Loyalist during the Revolutionary War
All of the following are achievements of Benjamin Franklin except
Influential poetry
Colonial legislatures were often able to bend the power of the governors to their will because
Colonial legislatures controlled taxes and expenditures that paid the governors’ salaries
The soldier and explorer whose leadership earned him the title “Father of New France” was
Samuel de Champlain
The once fails me resource in New France was
Beavers
The coureurs de bois were
French fur trappers
The French wanted to control Louisiana because they
Would then control the mouth of the Mississippi
The class between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control of
The Ohio River Valley
The reason France needed to control the Ohio Valley was to
Link its Canadian holdings with those of the lower Mississippi Valley
Benjamin Franklin published his Pennsylvania Gazette his most famous cartoon of the colonial era, a disjointed snake, which
Promoted the idea that America, if they did not accept the Albany Plan, would be cut apart and die
In the peace arrangements that ended the Seven Years’ War
France surrendered all of its territorial claims to North America
For the American colonies, the Seven Years’ War
Ended the myth of British invincibility
The Proclamation of 1763 was designed mainly to
Work out a fair settlement of the Indian problem
In the wake of the Proclamation of 1763
American colonists moved west, defying the Proclamation
The American colonial exponents of republicanism argued that a just society depends on
A willingness to subordinate private interests to the common good
The radical Whigs feared
The arbitrary power of the monarchy
Not one of the original thirteen colonies except _____ was formally planted by the British government
Georgia
Under the mercantilist doctrine, the American colonies were expected to do all of the following except
Become economically self-sufficient as soon as possible
Before 1763, the Navigation Laws
Were only loosely enforced in the American colonies
All of the following were direct benefits reaped by the Americans from the mercantile system of Britain except
British allowed the Americans to freely trade with other countries and compete on the open market
Sugar Act
First British law intended to raise revenues in the colonies
Stamp Act
Generated the most protest in the colonies
Declatory Act
Asserted Parliament’s absolute power over the colonies
Passage of the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act
Convinced many colonists that the British were trying to take away their historic liberty
Virtual representation meant that
Every member of paiament represented all British subjects
Samuel Adams
A pamphleteer who first organized committees to exchange ideas and information on resisting British policy
John Adams
A Massachusetts pinto ian who opposed the moderates’ solution to the imperial crisis at the First Continental Convention
Crispus Attucks
A casualty of the Boston Massacre
The local committees of correspondence organized by Samuel Adams
Kept opposition to the British alive, through exchange of propaganda
When Parliament passed the Tea Act, colonists
Suspected that it was a trick to get them to violate their principle of “No taxation without representation”
The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American colonies because it did all of the following except
Deny the French the right to retain many of their old customs
The First Continental Congress was called in order to
Consider ways of redressing colonial grievances
All of the following were weaknesses of the British military during the War for Independence except
Soldiers who were incapable of fighting effectively
The colonists faced all of the following weaknesses in the War for Independence except
The use of numerous European officers
African Americans during the Revolutionary War
Fought for both the Americans and the British
Arrange in order: (A) fighting at Lexington and Concord, (B) convening of the Second Continental Congress, (C) publication of Common Sense, (D) adoption of the Declaration of Independence
A, B, C, D
In May 1775, a tiny American force under Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold captured the British garrisons at Ft. Ticonderoga and Crown Point in upper New York. What did the Americans secure as a result of this victory?
A priceless store of gunpowder and artillery for the siege of Boston was secured
The Olive Branch Petition
Professed American loyalty to the crown
In a republic, power
Comes from the people themselves
Examples of colonial experience with self-governance, which prepared Americans for a republic, included all of the following except
Militia service
Which individual privately advocated equity for women?
Abigail Adams
The Declaration of Independence did all if the following except
Offer the British one last chance at reconciliation
Emanuel Leutze’s 1851 painting Washington Crossing the Delaware celebrates what event?
Surprise attack on the Hessians in New Jersey
Continental army officers attempting to form the Society of Cincinnati
Were ridiculed for their lordly pretensions
The world’s first antislavery society was founded by
Quakers in Philadelphia
As part of the egalitarian movement of the American Revolution
Several northern states abolished slavery
The Founders failed to eliminate slavery because
A fight over slavery might destroy national unity
The most important outcome of the Revolution for white women was that they
Were elevated as special keepers of the nation’s conscience
One reason that the United States avoided the frightful excesses of the French Revolution is that
Cheap land was easily available and America had few landed aristocrats
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Established a procedure for governing the Old Northwest territory
The Land Ordinance of 1785 provided for all of the following except
Prohibiting slavery
Shays’s Rebellion was provoked by
Foreclosures on the mortgages of backcountry farmers
The issue that finally touched off the movement toward the Constitutional Convention was
Control of commerce
The delegate whose contributions to the Philadelphia Convention were so notable that he had been called the “Father of the Constitution” was
James Madison
The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention worked out an acceptable scheme for
Apportioning congressional representation
The Constitutional Convention addressed the North-South controversy over slavery through the
Three-fifths compromise
The antifederalist camp included all of the following groups except
Supporters of a strong central authority
Among other views, The Federalist, written during the ratification debate, argued that it was
Possible to extend a republican form of government over a large territory
Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of Treasury
Henry Knox
Secretary of War
John Jay
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
The Bill of Rights was intended to protect ______ against the potential tyranny of _______.
Individual liberties, a strong central government
All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights except
The right to vote for all citizens
The ______ Amendment might rightly be called the states’ rights amendments.
Tenth
Hamilton believed that, together, his funding and assumptions programs would
Gain the monetary and political support of the rich for the federal government
All of the following were part of Alexander Hamilton’s economic program except
Protective tariffs
Alexander Hamilton’s proposed bank of the United States was
Based on the “necessary and proper” or “elastic” clause in the Constitution
Jefferson’s argument against the constitutionality of a Bank of the United States were based on the strict construction principles, especially embodied in the
Tenth Amendment of the Bill of Rights
The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 arose in southwestern Pennsylvania when the federal government
Levied an excise tax on whiskey
The Franco-American alliance of 1778
Bound the United States to help the French defend their possessions in the West Indies
The Neutrality Proclamation in 1793
Officially proclaimed America’s neutrality in Old World quarrels
The Treaty of Greenville signed in August with the Miami Confederation resulted in all of the following except
The establishment of an equal relationship with the Indians
In Jay’s Treaty, the British
Promised to evacuate the chain of forts in the Old Northwest
The United States acquired free navigation of the Mississippi River, the rights of deposit at New Orleans, and the large disputed territory north of Florida in
The Pinckney Treaty
According to the compact theory advocated by Jefferson and Madison
The national government was the creation of the thirteen sovereign states
The Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans presented themselves we all of the following except
Believers in a strong central government
Thomas Jefferson’s “Revolution of 1800” was remarkable in that it
Marked the peaceful and orderly transfer of power on the basis of election results accepted by all parties
Thomas Jefferson saw his election and his mission as president to include all the following except
Support the establishment of a strong army
As Chief Justice of the United States, John Marshall helped to ensure that
The politician and economic systems were based on a strong central government
The case of Marbury v. Madison involved the question of who had the right to
Determine the meaning of the Constitution
Thomas Jefferson ceased his opposition to the expansion of the navy when the
Pasha of Tripoli declared war on the United States
Thomas Jefferson was conscience-stricken about the purchase of the Louisiana Purchase territory from France because
He believed that the purchase was unconstitutional
Lewis and Clark’s expedition through the Louisiana Purchase territory yielded all of the following except
Treaties with several Indian nations
To deal with British and French violations of America’s neutrality, Thomas Jefferson
Enacted an economic embargo
Macon’s Bill No. 2
Permitted trade with all nations but promised that if either Britain or France lifted its commercial restrictions on American trade, the United States would stop trading with the other
The war hawks demanded war with Britian because they wanted to do all of the following except
Retaliate for the British burning of Washington, DC
The battle of Tippecanoe resulted in
The death of the dream of an Indian confederacy
In 1812, James Madison turned to war
To restore confidence in the republican experiment
Seafaring New England opposed the War of 1812 because of all of the following except
Their strong trade ties with France
The British policy of impressment was a kind of
Forced enlistment
All of the following were true of the American regular army on the eve of the War of 1812 except
Their numbers were large enough that they did not have to rely on th militia
Perhaps the key battle of the War of 1812, because it protected the United States from full-scale invasion and possible dissolution, was the Battle of
Plattsburgh
By 1814, the British strategy included all of the following except
Invading he Delaware and Hudson Valleys
The British attack on Fort McHenry
Inspired the writing of “The Star-Spangled Banner”
The Battle of New Orleans
Saw British troops defeated by Andrew Jackson’s soldiers
At the peace conference at Ghent, the British began to withdraw many of its earlier demands for all of the following reasons except
The American victory at New Orleans
The delegates of the Hartford Convention adopted resolutions that demanded all of the following except
A guarantee of no future wars with Britain
The Rush-Bagot agreement
Limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes
One of the the most important by-products of the War of 1812 was
A heightened spirit of nationalism
The two most internally recognized American writers in the 1820s were
Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper
All of the following were results of the Missouri Compromise except that
Sectionalism was reduced
In McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden, Chief Justice Marshall’s rulings limited the extent of
States’ rights
John Marshall’s rulings upheld a defense of property rights against public pressure in
Fletcher v. Peck
The doctrine of noncolonization in the Monroe Doctrine was
A response to the apparent designs if the Russians in Alaska and Oregon
By the 1840s, voter participation in the presidential election reaches
Nearly 80%
The election of 1824 needed in a deadlock, directed by the ______ amendment, the House of Representatives had to choose among the top three candidates.
Twelfth
John Quincy Adams, elected president in 1825, was charged by his political opponents with having struck a “corrupt bargain” when he appointed ______ to become _____.
Henry Clay, Secretary of State
Andrew Jackson’s inauguration as president symbolized the
Newly won ascendancy of the masses
The purpose behind the spoils system was
To reward political supporters with public office
John C. Calhoun’s South Carolina Exposition was an argument for
States’ rights
The Force Bill of 1833 provided that the
President could use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties
In response to South Carolina’s nullification of the Tariff of 1828, Andrew Jackson
Dispatched naval and military forces to the state while denouncing nullification
In their treatment of Native Americans, white Americans did all of the following except
Argue that Indians could not be assimilated into the larger society
In an effort to assimilate themselves into white society, the Cherokees did all of the following except
Refuse to own slaves
One of the positive aspects of the Bank of the United States was its
Being a source of credit and stability, promoting the nation’s expanding economy
Supporters of the Whig party included all of the following except
Opponents of public education
The government of Mexico and the Americans who settled in Mexican-controlled Texas clashed over all of the following except
Allegiance to Spain
Presidents Jackson and Van Buren hesitated to extend recognition to and to annex the new Texas Republic because
Antislavery groups in the United States opposed the expansion of slavery
Most of the early American settlers in Texas came from
The South and Southwest
All of the flowing gave rise to a more dynamic, market-oriented, national economy in early nineteenth century America except
Government regulation of all major economic activity
Ecological imperialism can best be described as
The aggressive exploitation of the West’s bounty
George Catlin advocated
The preservation of nature as a national policy
When the “famine Irish” came to America, they
Mostly remained in the port cities of the northeast
When German immigrants came to the United States, they
Prospered with astonishing ease
The sentiment of fear and opposition to open immigration was called
Nativism
The “Father of the Factory System” in the United States was
Samuel Slater
Eli Whitney was instrumental in the invention of the
Cotton gin
The American phase of the industrial revolution first blossomed
In the New England textile industry
As a result of the development of the cotton gin
Slavery revived and expanded
The Deist faith embraced all of the following except
The concept of original sin
Unitarians held the following beliefs except
They believed in a stern and Puritan type of God
The Second Great Awakening tended to
Promote religious diversity
Which of the following is least related to the other four?
Brigham Young, William Miller, The Book of Mormon, Salt Like City, and Polygamy
William Miller
The idea of free public education as an essential component of American democracy grew in the early nineteenth century which the influence of
Thomas Jefferson and Horace Mann
Noah Webster’s dictionary
Helped to standardize the American language
New England reformed Dorothea Dix is most notable for her efforts on behalf of
Prison and asylum reform
Neal Dow sponsered the Maine Law of 1851, which called for
A ban on the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquor
According to John Humphrey Noyes, the key to happiness is
The suppression of selfishness
Of the following, the most successful of the early nineteenth century communitarian experiments was at
Oneida, New York
Thomas Jefferson
Architect of the University of Virginia
Gilbert Stuart
Portrait artist from Rhode Island
Louisa May Alcott
Author of Little Women
Margaret Fuller
Transcendentalist editor of The Dial
The Hudson River school excelled in art of the painting
Landscapes
Nathaniel Hawthorne
The Marble Faun
James Fenimore Cooper
The Last of the Mohicans
Herman Melville
Moby Dick
Henry David Thoreau
Walden
Transcendentalists believed that all knowledge came through
An inner light
Plantation agriculture
Was economically unstable and wasteful
Most white southerners were
Subsistence farmers
Uncle Tom’s Cabin was written by
Harriet Beech Stowe
For free blacks living in the North
Discrimination was common
Slavery’s greatest psychological horror, and theme of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, was
The enforced seperation of slave families
All of the following were characteristics of slaves in the mid-nineteenth century United States except
Flogging were very uncommon and rare
Slaves fought the system of slavery in all of the following ways except by
Conducting periodic successful slave rebellions
In the pre-Civil War South, the most uncommon and least successful form of slave resistance was
Armed insurrection
The idea of recolonizing blacks back to Africa was
Supported by the black leader Martin Delaney
In 1839, enslaved Africans rose up aboard the Spanish slave ship
Amistad
William Lloyd Garrison
The Liberator
Theodore Dwight Weld
American Slavery as It Is
Frederick Douglas
Narration of the Life of Frederick Douglas
David Walker
Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World
Many abolitionists turned to political action in 1840, when they backed the presidential candidate of the
Liberty party
Wendell Phillips
Abolitionist golden trumpet
Frederick Douglas
Black abolitionist
Elijah P. Lovejoy
Abolitionist martyr
William Lloyd Garrison
Abolitionist newspaper publisher
In arguing for the continuation of slavery after 1830, southerners
Placed themselves in opposition to much of the rest of the Western world
In what year did John O’Sullivan coin the phrase Manifest Destiny?
1845
The Whigs placed John Tyler on the 1840 ticket as Vice President to
Attract the vote of the states’ rightists
The only member of President Tyler’s Whigs cabinet who did not resign in protest over his policies was
Daniel Webster
The Aroostook War was the result of
A dispute over the northern boundary of Maine
All of the following were reasons why Britain was intensely interested in an independent Texas except
Texas could become a location for the settlement of undesirable British emergents
Arrange the following in order: (A) Oregon, (B) Texas, (C) California
B, A, C
The nomination of James K Polk as the Democrats’ 1844 presidential candidate was secured by
Southern expansionists
In the Oregon treaty with Britain in 1846, the northern boundary of the United States was established to the Pacific Ocean to the line of
49 degrees
President Polk’s claim that “American blood on the American soil” referred to the news of an armed clash between Mexican and American troops near
The Rio Grande
Zachary Taylor
Northern Mexico
Stephen W Kearny
Santa Fe
Winfield Scott
Mexico City
John C Fremont
California
The terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago, ending the Mexican War, included
United States payment of $15 million for the cession of northern Mexico
The Wilmot Proviso
Symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the territories
The largest single addition to American territory was
The Mexican Cession
The first Old World Europeans to come to California were
Spanish
The Californos’ political ascendancy in California ended
As a result of the influx of Anglo gold diggers
The debate over slavery in the Mexican Cession
Threatened to split national politics along North-South lines
In 1848, the Free Soil party platform advocated all of the following except
Giving women the right to vote
The event that threatened to destroy the longstanding equality of free and slave states in the United States Senate was the
Discovery of gold in California
Harriet Tubman gained fame
By helping slaves to escape to Canada
In his Seventh of March speech, Daniel Webster
Called for a new, more stringent fugitive-slave law
In the Compromise of 1850, Congress determined that slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories
To be decided by popular sovereignty
The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 included all of the following provisions except
The requirement that fugitive slaves be returned from Canada
Many northern states passed personal liberty laws in response to the Compromise of 1850’s provision regarding
Runaway slaves
For a short time in the 1850s, William Walker, an American adventurer seized control of
Nicaragua
The man who opened Japan to the United States was
Matthew Perry
The Pierce administration’s secret scheme to gain control of Cuba was stopped when
The secret Ostend Manifesto was leaked to the public
On July 3, 1844 the first formal diplomatic agreement between the United States and China was the
Treaty of Wanghai
Most American leaders believed that the only way to keep the new Pacific Coast territories from breaking away from United States control was to
Construct a transcontinental railroad
Stephen A Douglas proposed that the question of slavery in the Kansas-Nebraska be decided by
Popular sovereignty
Undoubtedly the most durable offspring of the Kansas-Nebraska blunder was
The new Rebublican political party
In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled in the Dred Scott decision that
Protection of slavery was guaranteed in all the territories of the West
As a result of reading Uncle Tom’s Cabin, many northerners
Would have nothing to do with the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law
Hinton R Helper’s book, The Impending Crisis of the South, argued that those who suffered most from slave labor were
Non slaveholding southern whites
In “Bleeding Kansas” in mid-1850s, ______ was/were identified with the proslavery element, and ______ was/were associated with the antislavery free soilers
The Lecompton Constitution; the New England Immigrant Aid Society
The clash between Preston S Brooks and Charles Summer revealed
Passions over slavery were becoming dangerously inflamed in both North and South
The real significance of the election of 1856 was that it
Foreshadowed an ominous sectional clash over slavery in the election of 1860
In ruling on the Dred Scott case, the United States Supreme Court
Argued that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the federal territories
In the North, the panic of 1857 created calls for
Free homesteads and higher protective tariffs
Stephen A Douglas argued, in his Freeport Doctrine, during the Lincoln-Douglas debates that
Slavery would stay down if the people voted it down
After John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry, the South concluded that
The North was dominated by “Brown-loving” Republicans
Abraham Lincoln
Ban slavery from the territories
Stephen Douglas
Enforce popular sovereignty
John Brechenridge
Extend slavery into the territories
John Bell
Preserve the Union by compromise
In the election of 1860, the Constitutional Union party was formed
As a middle-of-the-road party fearing for the break up of the Union
The government of the Confedrtate States of America was first organized in
Montgomery, Alabama
“Lame Duck” President James Buchanan believed that
The Constitution did not authorize him to force southern states to stay in the Union
Abraham Lincoln opposed the Crittenden Compromise because
He had been elected on a platform that opposed the extension of slavery
Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter when it was learned that
Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to the fort
The Border States offered all of the following advantages except
Shipbuilding faculties
During the Civil War, most of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Territory of present-day Oklahoma
Supported the Confederacy
Of all the hardships faced by the soldier during the Civil War, the greatest was
Disease
The greatest weakness of the South during the Civil War was its
Economy
The North’s greatest strength in the Civil War was its
Navy
One reason that the British did not try to break the Union blockade of the South during the Civil War was that
They feared losing Northern grain shipment
The South believed that the British would come to its aid because
British was dependent on the Southern cotton
Confederate commerce-raiders such and the Alabama
Proved affective against Union shipping
Napoleon III’s attempt to install Maximilian on the Mexican throne was a clear violation of
The Monroe Doctrine
The Southern cause was weakened by
The concept of states’ rights that the Confederacy professed
In Lincoln’s attempts to preserve the Union, he did all of the following questionable actions as president except
Refused to implement a draft, or conscription of law, during the war
During the Civil War, the Union
Launched a new national banking system
As a result if the Civil War, the Northern economy
Greatly expanded its industrial and technological productivity
During the Civil War, women in the North
Had new opportunities opened to them in industry
Arrange in order: (A) Battle of Bull Run, (B) Battle of Gettysburg, (C) Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, (D) Battle of Antietam
A, D, B, C
The Union’s defeat in battle at Bull Run in 1861 was better than a victory because
The defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war
After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included all of the following except
Striking deep into the Confederacy via the Appalachian Mountain chain
The most serious Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from
The ironclad Merrimack
One of the key developments enabling the Union to stop the Confederate thrust into the North at Antietam was
The Union’s discovery of Robert E Lee’s battle plans
The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were
Gettysburg and Antietam
The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of
Strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union
During the Civil War
Blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued
On consequence of General William T Sherman’s style of warfare was
The loss of more lives
The group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the
Northern Peace Democrats
Clement L Vallandigham, a Southern sympathizer and vocal opponent of the war, was derisively labeled a
Copperhead
In the 1864 election, Abraham Lincoln’s running mate was
Andrew Johnson
The Union army’s success in the capture of _____ was probably critical to Lincoln’s reelection in 1864.
Atlanta and Mobile
The assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Was a calamity for the South
The Civil War resulted in all of the following except
The end of protective tariffs and isolationism
In the postwar South
The economy and social structure was utterly devastated
For blacks, emancipation meant all of the following except
That large numbers would move north
From 1878 to 1880, some twenty-five thousand blacks from Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi were known as the Exodusters; they were
Black freemen who left the South to seek opportunity in Kansas
The Exodusters’ westward mass migration to Kansas finally faltered when
Steamboat captains refused to transport more former slaves across the Mississippi
The greatest achievements of the Freedmen’s Bureau were in
Education
The white South viewed the Freedmen’s Bureuau as
A meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance
Andrew Johnson had been put on Lincoln’s ticket as Vice President in his second term
To appeal to War Democrats and pro-Union southerners
The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated
The deep differences between president Lincoln and Congress
In his ten percent plan for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised
Rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union
President Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction
Aimed at swift restoration of the southern states after a few basic conditions were met
The main purpose of the Black Codes was to
Ensure a stable and subservient labor supply
The Black Codes provided for all of the following except
A restriction against black migration from the South
To many Northerners, the Black Codes seemed to indicate that
The arrogant South was acting as if the North had not really won the Civil War
The incident that caused the clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open was
Johnson’s veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen’s Bureau
The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed
Citizenship and civil rights to free slaves
Johnson’s veto of the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 promoted Congress to seek passage of
The Fourteenth Amendment
The root cause of the battle between Congress and President Andrew Johnson was
Johnson’s “soft” treatment of the white South
Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when
The last federal troops were removed in 1877
The last of the Reconstruction era amendments to pass was the
Fifteenth
Many feminist leaders were deeply disappointed with the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments because they
Gave equal rights to African American males but not to women
Which of the following was not among the functions provided by the Black Union League?
Helping blacks migrate from the South to the North
During Reconstruction, African American women assumed new political times, which included all of the following except
Voting
The Ku Klux Klan could best be described as
A secret terrorist organization
The goals of the Ku Klux Klan included all of the following except
Support the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871
The official charge that the House of Representatives used to impeach President Johnson was his
Dismissal of Secretary of War Stanton contrary to the Tenure of Office Act
Johnson was narrowly acquitted on the impeachment charges because
It was finally recognized that the charges were dubious and political
Reconstruction might have been more successful if
Thaddeus Stevens’s radical program of drastic economic reforms and stronger protection of political rights had been enacted
