red blood cells Flashcards

1
Q

what is blood composed of

A

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma

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2
Q

what defines blood group

A

proteins on surface of red blood cells

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3
Q

what forms the non-protein part of haemoglobin? what does it contain

A

haem, contains iron

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4
Q

what is haemoglobin A composed of

A

2 alpha globin chains
2 beta globin chains

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5
Q

different types of haemaglobin

A

haemoglobin A2 - 2 alpha, 2 delta
foetal haemoglobin - 2 alpha 2 gamma

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6
Q

what causes right shift on curve and decreased affinity

A

increased temperature
increased CO2
increased 2,3DPG
decreased pH

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7
Q

what can go wrong in red cell production

A

bone marrow failure
problems with globin production (for haemoglobin)
lack of components required for red cells and haem production
lack of stimulus (impaired kidney function)

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8
Q

components required for red blood cells and haem production?

A

vitamin B12, folate, iron

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9
Q

what is iron required for

A

haem synthesis

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10
Q

what causes lack of stimulus for production of red blood cells

A

impaired kidney function

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11
Q

what happens in sickle cell disease

A

abnormal beta globin gene, red cells change to sickle shape when deoxygenated.
blocks circulation, increased red cell breakdown

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12
Q

what is the name for red cell breakdown/destruction

A

haemolysis!

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13
Q

example of extrinsic haemolysis? describe

A

immune mediated haemolysis - inappropriate targeting of red blood cells by the immune system

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14
Q

clinical consequences of anemia

A

yellowing of eyes, pale/cold/yellow skin, shortness of breath, muscular weakness, low blood pressure, fatigue/dizziness/fainting, heart palpitations/rapid heart rate/chest pain/angina/heart attack

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15
Q

clinical consequences of anemia

A

yellowing of eyes, pale/cold/yellow skin, shortness of breath, muscular weakness, low blood pressure, fatigue/dizziness/fainting, heart palpitations/rapid heart rate/chest pain/angina/heart attack

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16
Q

anaemia treatments

A

replacement (B12, folate, iron) transfusion/transplant
targeting specific diseases
gene therapy