Breathing Flashcards
what controls breathing
respiratory pacemaker in medulla
what is the control of breathing sensitive to?
pH and CO2 levels
what is the name of
-air coming into lungs
-blood coming into lungs
air - ventilation
blood - perfusion
where does gas exchange occur in the lungs
alveoli
what lines the inside of the lungs, blood vessels, nerves and bronchi
visceral pleura
subunits of haemoglobin
2 alpha, 2 beta
oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve axes
saturation of haemoglobin(%)/oxygen (partial pressure kPa)
more oxygen in environment results in what
quicker and increased oxygen pick up
what does a shift to the right on the oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve mean
less affinity for oxygen, gives it up more readily (happens in tissues needing O2)
what causes a right shift on oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve
increased CO2
increased H+ (more acidic)
increased temperature
increase in the metabolite 2,3 DPG
how is CO2 transported?
acid (product of metabolism) combines with bicarbonate (enzyme) to form carbonic anhydrase then forms CO2 and H2O
all occurs in haemoglobin
% oxygen saturation of haemoglobin
97%
what is used to estimate the degree of saturation of haemoglobin
light shined through finger = absorption spectroscopy
what causes not enough oxygen to get into the lungs?
low oxygen environments, diseases obstructing flow (eg asthma, COPD)
pathology of asthma
airway inflammation narrows airway
