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Pharmacology > Recreational drugs > Flashcards

Recreational drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of action of cocaine

A

Directly blocks the dopamine transporter
Prevents dopamine being pumped back into the cell
Results in increased levels of dopamine in the synaptic cleft

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2
Q

Mechanism of action of amphetamine

A

Binds to the dopamine transporter and is taken up into the presynaptic terminal - competes at the dopamine transporter
Increases the amount of monoamines and inhibits their metabolism
Induces transporter reversal of the dopamine transporter
All results in increased dopamine in the synaptic cleft

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3
Q

Common anabolic steroids used to enhance performance and physical appearance

A

Nandrolone
Stanozolol
Oxandrolone
Trenbolone

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4
Q

Psychiatric complications of anabolic steroid use

A 
Aggression, irritability, mood swings - 'roid rage'
Psychosis
Mania
Depression
Worsening of tic disorders
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5
Q

Three common regimes used in taking anabolic steroids

A

Cycling
Stacking
Pyramiding

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6
Q

Use of anabolic steroids where they are taken for 4-12 weeks and then stopped for a time, before being taken again

A

Cycling

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7
Q

Use of anabolic steroids where more than one steroid is used at once

A

Stacking

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8
Q

Use of anabolic steroids where they are taken in increasing doses up to a peak dose, and then tapered back down again

A

Pyramiding

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9
Q

Class of drug anabolic steroids fall into

A

Class C

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10
Q

Most common methods of administration of anabolic steroids

A

Oral

IM

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11
Q

Drugs apart from anabolic steroids used to increase metabolic rate and help training

A

Thyroxine
Ephedrine
Clenbuterol

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12
Q

Drugs apart from anabolic steroids taken to increase body mass

A

Insulin

Growth hormone

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13
Q

Drug taken to prevent gynaecomastia when taking anabolic steroids

A

Tamoxifen

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14
Q

Drug taken to stimulate the testes when withdrawing from taking anabolic steroids

A

Human chorionic gonadotrophin

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15
Q

Drug taken to prevent water retention when taking anabolic steroids

A

Diuretics

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16
Q

Reproductive side effects to taking anabolic steroids in males

A 
BPH
Testicular atrophy
Poor fertility, suboptimal sperm
Gynaecomastia
Breast lumps
17
Q

Reproductive side effects to taking anabolic steroids in females

A

Shrinking of breast tissue
Menstrual irregularities
Masculinisation - hirsutism, deepening of voice

18
Q

Side effects to taking anabolic steroids aside from reproductive and psychiatric side effects

A 
Raised BP
MI
Cholestatic jaundice
Liver tumours
Peliosis hepatis - blood filled cavities in the liver
Male pattern baldness
Acne, oily skin
Sleep apnoea
Glucose intolerance
If taken pre-pubescently can lead to premature fusion of the epiphyses and reduced final height
19
Q

Recreational drug known as a dissociative anaesthetic

A

Ketamine

20
Q

Alternative name for angel dust

A

Phecyclidine (PCP)

21
Q

Mechanism of action of PCP

A

Antagonist at ionotropic glutamate receptors e.g. NMDA

22
Q

Drugs which can exacerbate schizophrenia symptoms due to NMDA receptor antagonist activity

A

Ketamine

PCP

23
Q

Mechanism of action of caffeine’s stimulant effect

A

Adenosine receptor antagonist

24
Q

Recreational use of sibutramine

A

Appetite suppressant

25
Q

Mechanism of action of sibutramine

A

Monoamine reuptake inhibitor

26
Q

Risk of concomitant use of sibutramine with SSRIs or SNRIs

A

Serotonin syndrome

27
Q

Legality of sibutramine in the UK

A

Has been withdrawn

28
Q

Area of the brain most directly affected by amphetamine use

A

Striatum

29
Q

Receptor which GHB acts on

A

GABA-B

30
Q

Recreational drug which has a similar effect to khat

A

Amphetamine

31
Q

Caffeine per standard drink of brewed coffee

A

100mg

32
Q

Caffeine per standard drink of red bull

A

80mg

33
Q

Saliva concentration of caffeine in relation to plasma level

A

Saliva concentration is half of plasma level

Pharmacology (34 decks)

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