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Pharmacology > Cardiac side effects > Flashcards

Cardiac side effects Flashcards

1
Q

Heart rate for which QTc estimate the QT interval

A

60 bpm

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2
Q

Normal QTc in women

A

470ms

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3
Q

Normal QTc in men

A

440ms

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4
Q

QTc associated with an increased risk of torsades de pointes

A

> 500ms

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5
Q

Type of arrhythmia seen in torsade de pointes

A

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

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6
Q

Type of ventricular arrhythmia which is often self-terminating

A

Torsade de pointes

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7
Q

Symptoms seen in torsade de pointes

A

Often asymptomatic
Syncope
Cardiac death if degenerates into VF

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8
Q

Formula most often used to calculate QTc

A

Bazett’s formula

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9
Q

Physiological causes of prolonged QTc

A 
Extreme physical exertion
Stress
Extremes of age
Female sex
Bradycardia
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10
Q

Metabolic causes of prolonged QTc

A

Hypokalaemia
Hypomagnesaemia
Hypocalcaemia

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11
Q

Issues with using Bazett’s formula to measure QTc

A

Over-corrects at HR >100bpm

Under-corrects at HR <60bpm

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12
Q

Medical causes of prolonged QTc

A 
Hypothermia
MI
Anorexia nervosa
Raised ICP
Congenital long QT syndrome
Myocarditis
LVH
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13
Q

Antipsychotic with high impact on QTc

A

Pimozide

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14
Q

Antipsychotics with moderate effect on QTc

A 
Haloperidol
Quetiapine
Chlorpromazine
Ziprasidone
Amisulpride
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15
Q

Antipsychotics with low effect on QTc

A 
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidone
Aripiprazole
Palperidone
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16
Q

Antipsychotic with no effect on QTc

A

Lurasidone

17
Q

SSRI which causes prolonged QTc

A

Citalopram

18
Q

Non-psychotropic medications which cause prolonged QTc

A 
Ampicillin
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Amiodarone
Sotalol
Chloroquine
Quinine
Methadone
Tamoxifen
Amantadine
19
Q

Leads the QTc should be measured from

A

II
V5
V6

20
Q

Part of the ECG the QT measures

A

Beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave

21
Q

Effect of SSRIs and mirtazapine on mortality post-MI

A

Neutral or positive

22
Q

Least cardiotoxic TCA

A

Lofepramine

23
Q

Antidepressants known to cause QTc prolongation at therapeutic doses

A

Trazodone

Citalopram

24
Q

Antipsychotic with highest risk of prolonged QTc which has now been discontinued

A

Thioridazine

25
Q

Medication used in addiction treatment associated with prolonged QTc

A

Methadone

26
Q

Effect of meclobamide on QTc

A

No effect at therapeutic doses

Prolongation in overdose

27
Q

Size of QTc effect of citalopram

A

Moderate

28
Q

Cardiac side effects associated with lithium therapy

A 
PR prolongation
T wave flattening
Sinus node dysfunction
Higher variation in QT (higher QT dispersion ratio)
Unmasking of Brugada syndrome
29
Q

Cardiac side effects often associated with TCA treatment even at therapeutic levels

A

Prolonged QTc
Flattened T wave
Depressed ST segment
Tachycardia

Pharmacology (34 decks)

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