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Pharmacology > Mechanisms of action of psychotropic medication > Flashcards

Mechanisms of action of psychotropic medication Flashcards

1
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI

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2
Q

Paroxetine

A

SSRI

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3
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI

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4
Q

Sertraline

A

SSRI

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5
Q

Escitalopram

A

SSRI

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6
Q

Venlafaxine

A

SNRI

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7
Q

Duloxetine

A

SNRI
Blocks norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine reuptake pumps
Desensitises serotonin 1A receptors and beta adrenergic receptors

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8
Q

Reboxetine

A

Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (NARI)

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9
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA)
Antagonist at alpha2 adrenergic inhibitory receptors, antagonist of serotonin 5HT2 and 5HT3 receptors, and histamine receptor antagonist
Preferentially blocks histaminic receptor at low doses

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10
Q

Moclobemide

A

Reversible inhibitor of MAO-A selectively - RIMA

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11
Q

Trazodone

A

Serotonin agonist and reuptake inhibitor - SARI

Blocks the serotonin reuptake pump, and is an antagonist at 5HT2A and 5HT2C - mixed serotonin agonist/antagonist

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11
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Typical antipsychotic

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12
Q

Flupenthixol

A

Typical antipsychotic

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13
Q

Zuclopenthixol

A

Typical antipsychotic

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14
Q

Sulpiride

A

Typical antipsychotic

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15
Q

Haloperidol

A

Typical antipsychotic

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16
Q

Clozapine

A 
Atypical antipsychotic
5HT2>D2 antagonist
D4 receptor blocker
5HT6 receptor blocker
Weak D1 and D2 affinity
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17
Q

Risperidone

A

Atypical antipsychotic
D2 antagonist
5HT2A antagonist

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18
Q

Olanzapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic
Dopamine antagonist
5HT2a antagonist

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19
Q

Quetiapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic

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20
Q

Amisulpride

A

Atypical antipsychotic

D2-like selective antagonist (D2=D3>D4)

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21
Q

Aripiprazole

A

Atypical antipsychotic
5HT1a partial agonist
D2 partial agonist
5HT2A antagonist

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22
Q

St John’s Wort

A

Weak MAOI

Weak SNRI

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23
Q

Agomelatine

A

Melatonergic agonist

5-HT2C antagonist

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24
Q

Bupropion

A

Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist

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25
Q

Donepezil

A

Selective reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

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26
Q

Rivastigmine

A

Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor

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27
Q

Galantamine

A

Competitive reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Binds allosterically to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

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28
Q

Memantine

A

Non-competitive NMDA antagonist

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29
Q

Valproate

A

GABA agonist/potentiator

NMDA antagonist

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29
Q

Gabapentin

A

Unknown but binds to voltage activated calcium channels

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30
Q

Topiramate

A

GABA agonist
NMDA antagonist
Na channel stabiliser

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31
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Na channel stabiliser

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32
Q

Phenytoin

A

Na channel stabiliser

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33
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Na channel stabiliser

NMDA antagonist

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34
Q

Pregabalin

A

Alpha 2 delta voltage gated calcium channel ligand

35
Q

Z-drugs

A

GABA-A agonist

36
Q

Buspirone

A

5HT1A partial agonist
Partial agonist on serotonin 5-HT1a receptors; full agonist at pre-synaptic receptors and partial agonist at post-synaptic receptors; reduces the firing of serotonin-producing neurons
Presynaptic agonism leads to antianxiety effects
Postsynaptic agonism leads to antidepressant effects

37
Q

Flumazenil

A

GABA-A antagonist

38
Q

Lurasidone

A 
Atypical antipsychotic
D2 antagonist
5HT2A blocker
Partial 5HT1A agonist
5HT7 antagonist
39
Q

Lofexidine

A

Alpha 2 agonist

40
Q

Clonidine

A

Alpha 2 agonist

41
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Mu opioid receptor partial agonist

42
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid antagonist at mu, delta and kappa

43
Q

Atomoxetine

A

Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor

44
Q

Varenicline

A

Nicotinic receptor partial agonist

45
Q

Disulfiram

A

Irreversible binder to acetalydehyde dehydrogenase

Causes accumulation of acetaldehyde following ingestion of alcohol

46
Q

Acamprosate

A

NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist
Synthetic taurine analogue
Allosteric modulator at GABA-A

47
Q

Selegiline

A

Irreversible MAO B inhibitor

MAO A inhibitor at higher doses

48
Q

Sildenafil

A

cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor

49
Q

Naltrexone

A

Reversible competitive antagonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors

50
Q

Methadone

A

Full mu agonist

51
Q

Barbiturates

A

Increase duration of chloride channel opening to potentiate the effect of GABA at GABAa receptors

52
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Increase the frequency of chloride channels to potentiate the effect of GABA at GABAa receptors - GABA a positive allosteric modulators

53
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Binds to sodium channels to increase their refractory period

54
Q

Donepezil

A

Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which prevents cholinesterase from breaking down acetylcholine

55
Q

Galantamine

A

Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which prevents cholinesterase from breaking down acetylcholine, and binds allosterically to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

56
Q

Rivastigmine

A

Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which prevents cholinesterase from breaking down acetylcholine and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor

57
Q

Memantine

A

NMDA receptor antagonist that blocks the effects of pathologically raised levels of glutamate

58
Q

Flumazenil

A

Selective GABAa receptor antagonist that reverses the effects of benzodiazepines through competitive interaction

59
Q

Zopiclone

A

Similar to benzodiazepines binds to GABAa receptor sites to enhance the action of GABA

60
Q

Opioids

A

Act on opioid receptors µ, k, and δ (G-protein coupled receptors). Key receptor subtype is µ which causes most of the effects and side-effects

61
Q

Methadone

A

Full agonist targeting µ receptors with some action against k and δ

62
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Partial agonist targeting µ largely

63
Q

Naloxone

A

Antagonist targeting all opioid receptors

64
Q

Naltrexone

A

Reversible competitive antagonist µ and ĸ receptors

65
Q

Bromocriptine

A

Dopamine receptor agonist

66
Q

Ropinirole

A

Dopamine receptor agonist

67
Q

Carbergoline

A

Dopamine receptor agonist

68
Q

Levodopa

A

Crosses the blood brain barrier to directly increase dopamine concentrations

69
Q

Selegeline

A

Selectively inhibits MAO-B to prevent the breakdown of dopamine

70
Q

Moclobemide

A

Selective, reversible inhibitor of MAO-A which causes an increase in noradrenaline, dopamine and especially sertraline

71
Q

Entacapone

A

Selective and reversible inhibitor of COMT - COMT breaks down dopamine so entacapone reduces breakdown of dopamine

72
Q

Topiramate

A

Inhibits voltage gated sodium channels which suppresses action potentials; increases GABA levels

73
Q

Varenicline

A

Selective nicotine-receptor partial agonist

74
Q

Bupriopion

A

Noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist

75
Q

Agomelatine

A

Melatonin receptor antagonist, and serotonin 5HT2C and 5HT2B receptor antagonist

76
Q

Sodium Valproate

A

GABA agonist, possibly by inhibiting GABA degradative enzymes, blocks voltage gated sodium channels

77
Q

Methadone

A

Pure mu agonist

78
Q

Milnacipran

A

SNRI

79
Q

Nefazodone

A

SNRI

80
Q

Cyproheptadine

A

Antagonist of histamine H1 receptors

81
Q

Vortioxetine

A

Serotonin transporter inhibition
5HT3 and 5HT7 receptor antagonist
5HT1A agonist
5HT1B/D weak partial agonist to antagonist

82
Q

Carbidopa

A

Inhibits DOPA decarboxylase - therefore inhibits the conversion of L-dopa to dopamine outside the CNS, which increases the amount of L-dopa in the body. L-dopa is able to cross the blood brain barrier so the result is higher concentrations of dopamine in the brain and less peripherally

83
Q

L-dopa

A

Acts as a precursor to dopamine

84
Q

Nalmefene

A

Opioid receptor antagonist/opioid receptor modulator

85
Q

SSRI mechanism of action

A

5HT1A agonism
5HT2 agonism
5HT3 agonism

86
Q

Malnicipran

A

SNRI

87
Q

Sulpride

A

Atypical antipsychotic
Binds to auto-inhibitory D4 receptors - presynaptic D4 antagonism
D2 antagonism

Pharmacology (34 decks)

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