Reconstruction - Week 2

Question 1

Reconstruction (1865-1877)

Answer 1

project of rebuilding USA post-civil war.
Presidential reconstruction: 65-67
Radical reconstruction: 67-77

Question 2

southern vs. northern visions of freedom

Answer 2

south: absence of slavery, citizens are native-born whites
north: free labor is central to freedom, economic advancement should exist for everyone

Question 3

freedman’s bureau (1865-1870)

Answer 3

founded by general Oliver O. Howard, federal agency meant to protect legal rights of freed people and assist with ensuring equality in court and employment opportunity. limited success

Question 4

the freedman’s bureau was most successful with _________ and _________

Answer 4

education, medical care

Question 5

sharecropping

Answer 5

farmers renter land from the property owner, those working it can’t get the full profit of crop as part is owed to the owner. work land for share of crop

Question 6

crop lien

Answer 6

portion of crop was set up as collateral for farmers wanting to establish credit with merchants

Question 7

presidential reconstruction

Answer 7

provisional governments were appointed in the South, meant to establish loyalty to the Union

Question 8

black codes (1865-1866)

Answer 8

made to restrict freed people’s movement, rights, and meant that blacks couldn’t testify in court. made by state governments, highly variable

Question 9

radical republicans

Answer 9

very progressive, wanted to dissolve new southern governments and though Reconstruction would institutionalize equal rights for all men. liked more gov’t power. lots of southern backlash

Question 10

freedman’s bureau bill

Answer 10

July 1866, extended the life of the freedman’s bureau

Question 11

civil rights bill of 1866

Answer 11

birthright citizenship for all regardless of race, overturned black codes.

Question 12

14th amendment

Answer 12

July 9, 1868

birthright citizenship, due process, equal protection under law–federal protection of citizen’s rights.

Question 13

lyman trumbull worked on these two bills:

Answer 13

freedman’s bureau bill
civil rights bill of 1866

Question 14

thaddeus stevens believes that the land of former plantation owners should be ____________________________

Answer 14

distributed to their ex-slaves!
did not pass, too radical

Question 15

2 central points of the election of 1866 were:

Answer 15

the 14th amendment
reconstruction

Question 16

Tennessee was the only ex-confed state to ______________________________

Answer 16

ratify the 14th amendment

Question 17

reconstruction act (March 1867)

Answer 17

established martial law in 10 confed;. states (not tennessee) and required states to ratify the 14th amendment

Question 18

tenure of office act (March 1867)

Answer 18

president needs senate approval to remove any official appointed with senate approval

Question 19

15th amendment

Answer 19

universal male suffrage

Question 20

Wyoming granted women the vote in _____

Answer 20

1869

Question 21

union league

Answer 21

black civic organization that aligned with the Republican party

Question 22

all former states were back in the union by ____

Answer 22

1870

Question 23

Hiram Revels

Answer 23

1st black congress member

Question 24

Blanche K. Bruce

Answer 24

1st black senator elected to full term

Question 25

Pickney Pinchback

Answer 25

1st black governor in lousiana

Question 26

colfax massacre (1873)

Answer 26

louisiana, armed KKK murdered scores of freedpeople after they had already surrendered
contributed to creation of the enforcement acts

Question 27

the KKK emerged in ____ and ‘disappeared’ in ____

Answer 27

1866, 1872

Question 28

enforcement acts (1870/1871)

Answer 28

passed by congress to protect against the KKK
- president would deploy army if needed
- incited the arrests of 100s of members

Question 29

US vs. Cruikshank (1876)

Answer 29

supreme court gutted the enforcement acts, let members of the Colfax Massacre off scot-free

Question 30

the depression of 1873 caused Northerners to _______________________

Answer 30

have less support for reconstruction

Question 31

1867 Election and the Bargain of 1877 (aka; ending of reconstruction)

Answer 31

Hayes (R) and Tilden (D)
both claimed to have won. Tilden would give the presidency to Hayes is:
- R aknowledged D control of the South
- gave postmaster general to a Southerner
- Funded a Southern railroad*
- Removed federal troops from the South
- South recognized blacks’ rights*

*did not happen

Question 32

why was johnson almost impeached?

Answer 32

1) tried to veto the civil rights bill of 1866
2) attempted to remove someone appointed by senate (after tenure of office act was passed)

*was acquitted by one vote