Reconstruction - Week 2 Flashcards
Reconstruction (1865-1877)
project of rebuilding USA post-civil war.
Presidential reconstruction: 65-67
Radical reconstruction: 67-77
southern vs. northern visions of freedom
south: absence of slavery, citizens are native-born whites
north: free labor is central to freedom, economic advancement should exist for everyone
freedman’s bureau (1865-1870)
founded by general Oliver O. Howard, federal agency meant to protect legal rights of freed people and assist with ensuring equality in court and employment opportunity. limited success
the freedman’s bureau was most successful with _________ and _________
education, medical care
sharecropping
farmers renter land from the property owner, those working it can’t get the full profit of crop as part is owed to the owner. work land for share of crop
crop lien
portion of crop was set up as collateral for farmers wanting to establish credit with merchants
presidential reconstruction
provisional governments were appointed in the South, meant to establish loyalty to the Union
black codes (1865-1866)
made to restrict freed people’s movement, rights, and meant that blacks couldn’t testify in court. made by state governments, highly variable
radical republicans
very progressive, wanted to dissolve new southern governments and though Reconstruction would institutionalize equal rights for all men. liked more gov’t power. lots of southern backlash
freedman’s bureau bill
July 1866, extended the life of the freedman’s bureau
civil rights bill of 1866
birthright citizenship for all regardless of race, overturned black codes.
14th amendment
July 9, 1868
birthright citizenship, due process, equal protection under law–federal protection of citizen’s rights.
lyman trumbull worked on these two bills:
freedman’s bureau bill
civil rights bill of 1866
thaddeus stevens believes that the land of former plantation owners should be ____________________________
distributed to their ex-slaves!
did not pass, too radical
2 central points of the election of 1866 were:
the 14th amendment
reconstruction
Tennessee was the only ex-confed state to ______________________________
ratify the 14th amendment
reconstruction act (March 1867)
established martial law in 10 confed;. states (not tennessee) and required states to ratify the 14th amendment
tenure of office act (March 1867)
president needs senate approval to remove any official appointed with senate approval
15th amendment
universal male suffrage
Wyoming granted women the vote in _____
1869
union league
black civic organization that aligned with the Republican party
all former states were back in the union by ____
1870
Hiram Revels
1st black congress member
Blanche K. Bruce
1st black senator elected to full term
Pickney Pinchback
1st black governor in lousiana
colfax massacre (1873)
louisiana, armed KKK murdered scores of freedpeople after they had already surrendered
contributed to creation of the enforcement acts
the KKK emerged in ____ and ‘disappeared’ in ____
1866, 1872
enforcement acts (1870/1871)
passed by congress to protect against the KKK
- president would deploy army if needed
- incited the arrests of 100s of members
US vs. Cruikshank (1876)
supreme court gutted the enforcement acts, let members of the Colfax Massacre off scot-free
the depression of 1873 caused Northerners to _______________________
have less support for reconstruction
1867 Election and the Bargain of 1877 (aka; ending of reconstruction)
Hayes (R) and Tilden (D)
both claimed to have won. Tilden would give the presidency to Hayes is:
- R aknowledged D control of the South
- gave postmaster general to a Southerner
- Funded a Southern railroad*
- Removed federal troops from the South
- South recognized blacks’ rights*
*did not happen
why was johnson almost impeached?
1) tried to veto the civil rights bill of 1866
2) attempted to remove someone appointed by senate (after tenure of office act was passed)
*was acquitted by one vote
