Labor Struggles - Week 3

Question 1

gilded age (1870-1890)

Answer 1

looks valuable on the surface but is worthless as its core. expanded gaps between high and low class, made wage gaps evident, where labor laws started to form

Question 2

in 1880, most Americans were in ________ jobs.

in 1890, 2/3 were in ____________ jobs, and started urbanization.

Answer 2

farming
manufacturing

Question 3

the key to transformation was _____________

Answer 3

railroads!

Question 4

the atlantic cable was invented in _____ and connected USA to Europe via telegraph

Answer 4

1866

Question 5

__________ spread to Americans during this period. Telephones and handheld cameras were also invented.

Answer 5

electricity!

Question 6

trust

Answer 6

legal device to eliminate competition. business affairs of many competing companies under management of one director

Question 7

andrew carnegie

Answer 7

steel, founded library expansion

Question 8

vertical integration

Answer 8

CARNEGIE, a single figure controls all aspects of production

Question 9

john rockefeller

Answer 9

oil, funded education and medicine

Question 10

horizontal expansion

Answer 10

ROCKEFELLER, process by which company adopts and controls competitors

Question 11

henry lloyd and muckraking

Answer 11

investigative journalist that exposed the truths of these robber barons/captains of industry, “Wealth Against Common Wealth”

Question 12

conspicuous consumption

Answer 12

purchasing things you don’t need to elevate your social status

Question 13

during this time period, neighborhoods were visibly separated by ______ and ________

Answer 13

class, income

Question 14

workers vs. reformers vs. policymaker views of freedom

Answer 14

workers: freedom blocked by their shitty job conditions and lack of economic independence

reformers: wealth is NOT an American value, so it’s not reflective of freedom

policymaker: gov’t advancing social needs would threaten individual freedoms

Question 15

“negative” freedom

Answer 15

absence of restrictions on personal choices

Question 16

Laws of Compliance

Answer 16

if you willfully sign a contract, the government shouldn’t intervene and workers shouldn’t complain

Question 17

great railroad strike of 1877

Answer 17

nationwide support of striking WV railroad workers, some turned violent. belief that the government should protect property instead of individual rights, industrialists and republicans’ beliefs aligned

Question 18

knights of labor (1869-1949)

Answer 18

inclusive to all but chinese, started with garment workers and expanded to create more bargaining force.

goals: higher wages, 8-hour workday, end child labor.

successful in 1884 Union Pacific railroad strike

unsuccessful afterwards bc of Haymarket Affair

Question 19

haymarket affair (may 4th, 1887)

Answer 19

may 1; nationwide strike for 8-hour work day
may 3; workers were met with police violence
may 4; haymarket square in chicago, labor radicals protested the murders of the pervious day, then somebody throws a bomb at the cops, someone opens fire and chaos descends. 7 cops/1 civvie dead

8 men tried as anarchists in august 1887

increased xenophobia and lade the labor movements look dangerous and anti-american