Receptors

Question 1

what are receptors?

Answer 1

transducers that change physical and chemical stimuli into electrical nerve impulses

Question 2

what is afferent (sensory) information used for?

Answer 2

sensation- conscious, must be perceived

control of movement (e.g. flexor reflex)

maintaining arousal

protection- pain, reflexes

Question 3

for sensation you must have a ____?

Answer 3

cerebral cortex

Question 4

sensory receptors go to ____?

Answer 4

autonomic effectors

Question 5

what are the 4 receptor qualities?

Answer 5

receptors mediate 4 stimulus qualities that can be quantified

1: modality
2: intensity
3: duration
4: location

Question 6

modality:

Answer 6

labeled line code- modality specific

vision
hearing
touch
taste
smell

Question 7

intensity:

Answer 7

frequency- increase # of receptors; threshold

temporal - how fast
spatial- how many

Question 8

duration:

Answer 8

relationship between stimulus intensity and perceived intensity

discharge patterns of RA & SA

Question 9

location:

Answer 9

location of receptor, types of discharges

Question 10

modalities and qualities of sensation depend on:

Answer 10

1: temporal and spatial patterns of activation

2: specificity of sensory endings
(lowest threshold for a receptor is the “novel stimulus” (i.e. lowest threshold for eye receptors is light))

3: central connections
(where it goes in the cerebral cortex determines the type of stimulus detected (a touch sensory put in the eye would sense touch as sight)???
(primary sensory cortices- go along with modalities; input goes to certain areas; central connections

Question 11

what is the quality for the sensory modality vision?

Answer 11

color, motion

Question 12

what is the quality for the sensory modality hearing?

Answer 12

pitch

Question 13

what is the quality for the sensory modality smell?

Answer 13

> 20 odors

Question 14

what is the quality for the sensory modality taste?

Answer 14

sweet
sour
salt
bitter
"umami" (MSG, other amino acids)

Question 15

what is the quality for the sensory modality somatic?

Answer 15

touch-pressure
warm-cold
flutter-vibration
pain, itch, tickle
postion and movement senses

Question 16

rate coding:

Answer 16

the greater the response the greater the stimulus

spike in AP

the more AP, the higher the intensity

Question 17

Topographic (somatotopic) map

Answer 17

slide 7 of receptors????

occipital-seeing
temporal- hearing
parietal- somatostatic

primary sensory cortices to go with modalities. go to certain areas of cerebral cortex. this is what is meant by central connections

Question 18

what are the 3 anatomic classifications of receptors?

Answer 18

exteroceptor

proprioceptors

interoceptors

Question 19

what are exteroceptors?

Answer 19

located on external body surfaces

touch
pressure
pain
temperature
smell
vision
hearing

Question 20

what are proprioceptors?

Answer 20

located in tendons, joints, ligaments, fascia

position sense
movement sense

Question 21

what are interoceptors?

Answer 21

(visceroceptors)

visceral sensations
digestion
excretion
circulation
respiration
taste 
pain

Question 22

what are the 6 physiologic classifications of receptors?

Answer 22

**based on novel stimulus

1: mechanoreceptors- physical or mechanical stimuli
2: thermoreceptors- temperature
3: photoreceptors- light
4: chemoreceptors- chemicals
5: pain receptors
6: nociceptors- damage (pain & damage info)

Question 23

what is habitutation?

Answer 23

decrease in response to a constant/repeated stimulus

Question 24

what is adaptation?

Answer 24

stops working because it is used to the response

Question 25

phasic/dynamic

Answer 25

fast adapting

will respond when you touch it and stops when you stop touching it; only sees change (when stimulus is turned on or off, not in between)

more time detection

Question 26

tonic/static

Answer 26

slow adapting

will respond when you touch it and then there is a slow decay when you remove the stimulus

Question 27

receptor fields- individual neurons

Answer 27

slide 11 receptors ????